Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1849 : Weekly), 1853-09-20

              VOLUME XLIV. COLUMBUS, OHIO, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1853. NUMBER 4 Ulttkln Ijio State Journal is runLiannD at coujmhuj etert Tuesday uorkino, SCOTT BA8C0H, ioouiil Dasntai, maB aud ruu mun-umuHci oh uum. TFRMS Invariahly tn advana .-la Columbnl, 92.00 1 yttr ; by mall, SIM): eluba of four wid upward.. 91.26: of ton and upward., f 1 11. THK DAIIT JOURNAL If furDlnhed to city lubKribsn tttflOO, and by nnul at Ii.00 a yrar. TIM Tlll-H EEKLV JOURNAL Ii 3.00 J. RATER OFADVKKTISWnTu TIIE WEEKLY JOURNAL UiquarM, B .iuarai, II to'Se ls So 8c So to S fto S 761 Wl 2G1 ft itt 8 604 006 000 ij08 00 T61 251 762 268 W 4 00 6 00 6 00 8 00 12. -I- 1 001 "63 263 004 606 000 608 00 U. UnqujirM, h 'i 268 604 006 006 008 0010. 14. k tenure, Wl column, (Vj column, j column, lOllnMof this sfwltyiw Is wkonwl a square. AJmtlnementJ flrdciwl on the Instils exclurtvoly, double th above rsus. Ail Istdsd Qirtloas cbsjgwl double, and meuund M It olid. eliMinralilft tuorthlr, fiOftyeu; weekly., elmnp-alils quarterly , fliKiilpwW quarterly , cliuittwbls qusrurly .. SPEECH OF WILLIAM II. SEWARD, AT The Dedication of Capital University, C0LUMBU8, OHIO, SEPTEMBER 14, 1853. Citizeni : I give you thanks for your hospitable courtesies, and I greet you well. Tlili scene ii now to mo, n stranger in Ohio, anil it must be in a degree surprising even to yourselves. On these banks nt the Mclotn, where tho elk, the buffalo and the lii min J tnrpent hauntod not long ago, I sen nnw mills worked by muto mechanical luliorors and warehouses rir.b in tlie merchandize of tunny clime. Steeds of vupitr on iron rnaili nnd electrical messen gers on pathways which divide tho air, attest the concentration of many novel lormi of industry, wliile uca- demie groves, spacious courts and majestic d onion exact the reverence always eminently due to the chosen seats of philosophy, religion ami government. What a change moreover, has within the same short period come over the whole country that we love no justly and mo well, lligharcsof laliludoand longitude have shrunk into their chords, and Amoricnn ImigntigM, laws, religion and authority once con lined to the At Inniic cunl, now prevail from the Northern lakes to the Southern gulf, and from the stormy Mas tern sua to the tranquil Woitorn ocean. Nevertheless it is not in man's nature- to bo con tun l with present attainment or enjoyment. Yon say tome therefore with excusable impatience, "'IV! 1 us not what our country is, but what she shall he. Shall our great nous increase 1 Is she immortal I will answer you according to my poor opinion. Rut I pray you first, most worthy friends, to define the greatness nnd immortality you so vehemently desire. If the Future which you seek consists in this; Unit these thirty-one States shall continue, to exist lor n mv riod as long as human foresight is allowed to anticipate after coming events, that they shall be all the while free, that they shall remain distinct ami independent in domestic economy and nevertheless be only one in commerce nnd foreign affairs, that there shall arise from among them ami within their common domain even more than thirty-nno olhnr equal States.nlike, true, independent and united, that the borders of the Feder al Republic so peculiarly constituted shall bo extended so that it shall greot thn sun when he touches the, Tropic and when be sends his glancing rays towards the I'oiar circle, ami snail include even distant ndandi in either ocean, that our population now counted by tens of millions shall ultimately bo reckoned by tumid reds of millions.that our wealth shall increase a tlnu-stand fold and our commercial connections shall be multiplied, and our political influence be enhnticed in Croportion with this wide development, and that man-ind shall come to recognio in us a successor of the few great state which have alternately borne com-! manding away in the world, if this nnd only this is desired, then I am free to say that if, as you will readily promise, our public am) private virtues shall be pro-served, nothing seems to mo more certain than the attainment of this Future, so surpassingly comprehensive and magnificent. Indeed, such a Future seems tn be only a natural consequence of what has already been secured. Why then shall it not bo attained T Is not the field as free for the expansion indicated na it was for that which has occurred i Are not the national resources immeasurably augmented and continually inrrunsingT With telegraphs and railroads crossing the Detroit, the Niagara, the St. Johns nnd ho Ht. Lawrence rivers, with steamers on the Lakes of Nicnrngtm, and a rail-road across the isthmus of Panama, nnd witli negotiation! in progress for passages over Tehuantepeo and Oirien, with a fleet iu Hudson's Hay and another at Hhering's straits, and with yet another exploring the Ln Platte, and with an armada at tho gates of Japan, with Mexico ready to divide on the question of annex ntlnn and with the Sandwich Island suing to us for sovereignty, it is quite clear to us that the motives to enlargement are even morn active than they ever were heretofore, and that the public energies insiuad of being relaxed, are gaining new vigor. la the Nation to become suddenly weary and so tn waver and fall oil' from the pursuit ot its high purposes I When flid any vigorous nation ever become weary von of hazardous nnd exhausting martini conquests! Our conquests on the contrary, are chielly peaceful, and thus far bavo proved productive of new wealth and strength. Is a paralysis to fall upon the national bmin T On the contrary, what political constitution has ever throughout an equal period exhibited greater elasticity nnu capacity tor endurance ? Is the union of the States tn fail? Does its strength indeed grow less with the muliinlirntionof its bonds? Or does its value diminish with the increase of the so nial an I political interests which it defends nnd pro tects? Far Otherwise. For all practical purposes Hearing on uio groat quoiuon mo iieam engine, tho Iron road, the electric lelraraph, all of which are new er than the Union, and tho Metropolitan l'ress. which ii no less wonderful in its working than they, have already obliterated Stale boundaries and produced a physical and moral centralism more complete and perfect than monarch ial ambition ever Ons forged or can lorgo. vo ymi reply neverilielnM that the (Tniotl rests on the will of tho several States and that, no matter what prudence nr reason may dic'ate, popular passion may become excited and rem) it asunder. Then I rejoin, When did the American People ever give wav to such impulses? They are practically ImpassiTn. on rem i mi ni .urn i.icuou mm exisieii ami mat only recent lv It was bold and violont. I answer that it wan emboldened by popular timidity, and yet that even then it suceombed. Loyally to the Union is not in one or many States only, but in all of the Stale, the stntngeat of all public pensions. It is stronger I doubt not, than the love of justice or even the love of equality, which have acquired a strength here never known among mankind beforo A nation may well despise threats of anlition that has never known but one traitor, and this will be learned fully by those who shall horoafier attempt to arrest any great national move ment by invoking from their grave the obsolete terrors of Disunion. Hut you apprehend foreign resistance. Well, where Is our enemy I From whence shall he comet Will lie arise on this continent T Canada has great resonr cos, and begins to give signs of a national spirit. Hut (JanniU is not yet independent of Great Hritain. And he will be quite too weak totw formidable to us when her emancipation shall have taken place. Moreover, her principles, interests, ami sympathies, assimilate tn our own just in the degree that the verges toward eparauon irom uio parent country, uanndit, although a province of (treat Hritain, is already hnlf annexed to the United States. 8 in will ultimately become a member of this confederacy, if we will consent ( an ally, if we will nit allow her to come nearer. At least, ahe can never be nn adversary. Will Mexico, or Nicaragua, nr Guatemala, or Ki iiador, or Peru, all at once heenme magically cured of the diseases inherited from Aboriginal and Spanish parentage, and call up armies from under the earth, and navies from the depths of the aea.i-nd thus become the Home tlmt shall resit ami overthrow this nverprending Carthago of nnr? Or are we to receive our death nir ke nl the hand "t Hr.lHl, doubly rursnd as she is above all oil American Slates by herndopiion of tlm two most absurd insiiiuiions remaining among men European iiiiiiur:ny nuu noi'Timo Slavery. Is an enemy to corns forth from the Islands In adja cent seas r Where, then, shall we look for him 1 On the Antilles, or on the Hormudaa, or on the Hshamaa t Which of the conhVtinff social elements existimr to gether, yet unmixed, there, is ultimately to prevail? nut it he uaucasian orAlncan? Uan those races not only combine but become all at mice aggressive and powentll f Shall we took for an adversary In Europe? Napoleon said at St. Helena, "America is a fortunate country She erows by the follies of our European Na tions." Since when have those nations grown wise? If they have at last become win, how ia it that Amr icuhas nevertheless not ceased In grow? Hut what tiurojiean State will nmwiM nst Wdl Ii...! Ilr;..;.l If aha fears to grapple wilh Kussia advancing towards uoiKwuinopie nn the way to India, though not onl her nrestice. but even hue emuirn im l).rl.iHiiMJ ... he be bold enough to rrnns out of her way tn ire nn dm.mumr wmi us r w ho win vtt ami pay her arti a ana, wnue tho shall he engaged in destroying her American debtors and the American consumers of her fabric f (treat Hritain has enough to do in replacing n iromiu luu niia.ion mat island naa yielded to us, Id siibjecling Alrica, in exiendinf bar memniile d.. minion in Asia, nud in nerpetmlly reidjiisting the cm 77 balance of power in Enrope, to essential to her safety. We have fraternal relations with BwiUarland, the only Republic yet lingering on that continent. Which in the dospotio powers existing there in perpetual terror of the contagion of American principles will assail us, and thus voluntarily hasten on that universal war of opinion, which is sure to come at some future time, and which, whenever it shall have come, whether it be sooner or later, can end only in the subversion of Monarchy and the establishment of Republicanism on its ruins throughout tho world f Certainly no uue expects the nations of Asia to bo awakened by any oilier influences than our own from tho lethargy into which they sunk nearly throe thousand years ago. under the spells of superstition and cusle. If thoy could he roused and invigorated now, would they spare their European oppressors and smite their American benefactors 1 Nor has the tune yet come, if indeed it shall come within many hundred years, when Africa, o merging from her primoval burbariam, ahull vindicate the equality ol her sable races in the rights of Human Nature, and visit upon ua tho latest, the least guilty and the must repentant of all oU'enderi, tho wrongs she has so long sull'ered at tho hands of 10 many of iho Caucasian races. No! no, we cannot indeed penetrate the Eternal Counsels, but reasoning from what is seen to what is unseen, deducing from the past probable conjectures of the future, wu are authorized to conclude that if tho virtues of our forefathers shall be preserved, the material progress of the United States which equally excites our own prido and the admiration of mankind, is destined to indefinite continuance. Hut it this material progress even to the point which lint been indicated the whole of tho Futuro which wo desire ? It is seen at once that it includes no high in tellectual nchiovmont, and no extraordinary refinement of public virtue, while it leaves entirely out of view the improvement of mankind. Now there certainly is a political philosophy which teaches that Nations like individuals are equal, moral, social, responsible persons, existing not for objects of merely setliidi ad van lage and enjoyment, but for the performance of duty, which duty consists in elevating themselves and all mankind as high as possible in knowledge and virtue j that the Human race it one in its origin, itt rights, its duties and its destiny, that throughout the rise, pro. gress and decline of Nations, one divine purpose, runs; tho increasing felicity and dignity of Human Nature; and that true greatness or glory, whether of individuals or of nations, is justly measured not by the territory they compass, or the wealth thoy accumulate, or the fear they iuspiro, but by the degree in which they promote the accomplishment of that groat and beuelict-nt design of the Creator of tiie Universe. " The great end and object of life," (said Socrates) is the perfection of the intellect, tho grut moral duty of man is knowledge; and tlm object of all knowledge is one, namely Truth, the Good, the Henutiful, tlm Divine Ueaion." So also Plato taught that " Man outit to strive nfter Ulld devote liitiMlf to the contemplation of Iho One, the Hternal.llm Infinite." Cicero wrote, " There aro thoso who deny that nny Hid of Inw or of association for purposes of common Ii good exists among ciiiens, Thin opinion subverts all union iu 11 state. There are thoso who deny that any such bond exists between themselves nnd strangers, ami this opinion destroy t the community of the Human Itace." Hacou declared that there was in man's nature " a serret lovo of others, which if not contracted, would expand and embrace nil men." These maxima proceed on the principle of iho unity of the race, and of course, of a supremo law regula ting tiie conduct 01 men and nations upon the hams nl absolute justice and equality. Locke adopted tiiem when ho inculcated that while there was a "law of popular opinion or reputation," which in society was "tlie measure of virtue und vice," and while there was a civil Inw which in iho state was "the measure ol crime and innocence," there was nUn a divino law which extended over "all society and all states, nutl which was Hie only touchstone or moral rectitude." (iuizot closed his recital of the decline of ftoman civilization, with these equally true and momentous re flections " Had not the Christian Church existed nt this time the whole world must have, fallen a prey to mere bruto force. Tho Christian Church atone pos- seised a moral power, itmaniained and nromii ma ted the idea of a precept, of a law superior to all human authority. It proclaimed that great truth, which forms mo only foundation ot our hope tor Humanity, that there exists n law abovo nil human taws, which by whatever namo it may he called, whether Reason, tho i,aw 01 tiod, or what not, it at all times and in all pla ces the same, under different names," It 011 "lit not to excite any surnriso when I aver that not philosophy worKeii out inn American ttevoiuin " Can any thing." (said John Adams in replying to nee who had apologised for I lie stamp act)" Can anything not aimmmaiiio nave provoKra you to commence nn enemy to Human Nature?" Alexander Hamilton, though less necessary to the Revolution than John Adams, was even more neces sary to tlie reconstruction of society. Ho directed against iho tame odious stamp act iho authority of miuiMi inw nn mi mumi 11 wniien uown oy iuhck- stone. "The law of Nature being coeval with (tod himself is of course superior to any other. It is binding all over the globe, in allcotititries, and at all times. fto human laws are ol any validity if contrary to this. nnd such of them as are valid drivo all their author- iiy mediately or immediately from this original." Then nt if despising to stand 011 any mere human authority, however hifjh. the framer of iho American Constitution proceeded, ' The aacreil righit of mankind aro not to be rummaged for among old parchments or miis'y records They are wriil"ii as with n sunbeam in the whoto volume of Human Nature, and can never bo erased or obscured by morial power." How justly Knox conceived the true character of the duel personage ol the Revolution, even nl itt very beginning, " The great and good Washington, a name which shall thine with distinguished lustre in the annals ol 1 1 istory, n nimo dear to the friends of the Liberties of mankind." I.aFayettn closed his review of the Revolution when returning in France with this glowing apostrophe: "May this great temple which we have just erected to Liberty always bo an instruction to oppressors, an example to the oppressed, a refuge for the rights nl the Human It ice, and an object of delight to the names of its founders." " Happy," (said Washington when announcing the troniy 111 pt-uco 111 inn rmy ) - 1 uricf nappy Sliill thoy be pronounced hereafter, who shall have contributed any thing, who shall havo performed tho meanest iillicu in erecting this stuivemlous fabric of freedom and ompire on tho broad basis of independency, who hall have assisted in protecting the Mights nf Human Nature and estuhlishiim an ayluro for tho poor and oppressed of all nations and religions." You remember well that the H evolutionary Congress, in the declaration of independence, placet) itself in iho momentous controversy between the Colonies and Great Hritain on the alwolute and inherent equality of nil men. It it not, however, to well understood that that body closed its existence on the adoption of inn rriimniuNiniiiHiiiui mii iiiib uiriiiu nnncuon addressed tn the people of tho United States: " Let it be remembered that it hat ever been the pride and noaotoi America, that me ngiitt lor which she eon tended were the rights of human nature." No nne will contend that our fathers, alter effecting me (.evolution, nnu tne inuepemienco ol iheir country b, proclaiming litis system of beneficent political nhi- losophy, established an en'.irrly different nne In the constitution assigned to 1a government. I ht pinhttni pliy, then, it the hMt of the American Constitution. It ia moreover a true philosophy, deduced from the nature of man and the character of the Creator. If there were no supreme law, then the world would be a scene of universal anarchy, resulting from (he eternal conflict of peculiar institutions and antagonistic laws. I here heing such an universal law, 11 any human con Simmons and laws uittering irom 11 could have any authority, ihen that universal law could lot be su preme. That supremo law is necessarily based on the equality of nations, of races, and of meu. It is a aim-pie, self-evident basis. One nation, race nr individual, may not oppress or Injure another, because the safety and welfare of each is essential to tho common safety and welfare of all. If all are not equal and free, then h is entitled lobe free, and what evidence of his superiority can he bring from nature or revelation? All men necessarily have a common interest In the promulgation and maintenance id those principles, be cause it it equally in tlie nature ol men to le content Hit the eiijoynnut of their just rights, and In be dis contented under the privation of them. Just so far ns these principles practically prevail, (lie stringency 11 government is ssiciy reiacu, nmi iteare and har mony obtain. Hut men cannot maintain these princi plea, or even comprehend them, without a very con- torahie advance in knowledge and virtue, I he law ol nations designed to preserve pence amotq mankind was unknown to me am leiitt. it has neon peitected in our own limes by means of the more nettend dis semination of knowledge and practice nl the virtues inculcated tty tiinshaniiy. in disseminate k edge, and to increase virtue, therefore, among men. is to establish anil maintain the principles on which the recovery aim preservation ol iheir inherent nature riahta depend, and the state that does (bis most faith fully advances moat effectually the common cause of iiuman nature. For myself, I am sure that this cause It not a dream. but n reality. Have not all men consciousness of a property in the memory of human transactions available for tho tame great pur'toaes, the security of their indi vidual rights mid the perteciinn ot their individual hap pinessr (lave not a I men a consciousness ol the tame equal interest in the achievements of invention, in thi instructions of philosophy, and In the solaces ef music and the arts r And do not theseachievementa, insiruo-lions and solaces exert everywhere the tame Influences, nnd produce the same emotion in the Imaonii of all men? Since all languages are convertible Into each olhnr by correspondence with thn tame agents, objecta, action and emotions, have not all men practically one common language t Since the constitutions and laws of all terietles are only an many various del). nttiotis of tbt rights and duties of men as those rights ana uunet aro learned trrnn nature ami Revelation, have not all man practically nne code of moral duty t Since the religions of men tn their various climea are only to many different forma of their devotion towards a Hupreme and Almighty Puwor entitled to their rev erence and receiving it under the various names of Jehovah, Jove and Lord, have not all men nracticallv ono religionf Siuco all men are seeking liberty and happiuesa lor a season here, and to deserve and to to secure more perfect liberty and happiness somo where in a future world, and since they all substantially agree that these temporal and spiritual objectt nre to oe euaineu oniy through tho Knowledge ot 'truth ana tho practice of virtue, have not mankind practically I one common pursuit through nne common way of one common and equal hope and destiny 1 11 mere nau ueen no such common Humanity at 1 have insisted upon, then the American poople would nut have enjoyed the sympathies of mankind when establishing institutions of civil and religious liberty hero, nor would their establishment here have awakened hi tho nations of Europe nnd of South America du. sires and hopes of similar institutions there. If tbero had been no such common Humanity, then wo should not ever sincotho American Revolution have seen human society throughout the world divided into two parties, tiie high and tho low the one perpetually foreboding and earnestly hoping Uio downfall, and the other as confidently predicting and as sincerely desiring, the durability of Republican Institutions. If there had been no such common Humanity, thon we should nut have seen this tide of emigration from insular and continental Europe, flowing into our country through the channels of the St. Lawrcuce, the Hudson and the Mississippi, ebbing, however, always with the occasional rise of the hopes of freedom abroad and always awell-ing again into greater volume when those premature hopes subside. If there were no such common Hu-mauity, then the peasantry nnd the poor of Great Britain would nut be perpetually appealing to ut against the oppression of landlords on their farms and work-masters in their mnnti factories and mines j and so, onl the other hand, we should not be, at we aro now, per I petually framing apologies to mankind for the continuance of African slavery among ourselves. If there j were no such common Humanity, then tho fame of Wallace would have long ago died away in bit native mouutant, nnd the name even of Washington would at most have been only a household word iu Virginia, nnd not nt it it now, a watch word of Hopo and Pro gress throughout tho world. If there had been no inch common Humanity, ihen when the civilization of Greece nnd (tome had bomi consumed by the firet of human passion, the nations of modern hurope could never bavo gathered from among its nnhea the philosophy, thearls and tho religion which were imperishable, and have re-constructed wilh ihoso materials that better civilization, which, amid tho con flicts and full of political and ecclesiastical systems tins I been constantly advancing towards perfection in every succeeding nge. If there had been no such common Humanity, then tho dark und massive Egyptian obelisk would not have every where ro -appeared in the sepulchral architecture of o'tr own times, and the light and graceful orders of Greece, and Italy would not us now nave neeu ine models ot our villas and our dwellings, nor would the simple and lofty arch end tho delicate tracery of Gothio design bavo been nn it now is, every where consecrated to iho service of religion. If there had been no such common Humanity, then would tho sense of tho obltgatioo of the Decaloguo have been confined to the despised nniinn who received it from Mount Sinai, and the prophecies of Jewish seers and tho songs of Jewish bnrdt would have perished forever with their temple, and never afterwards could thoy have become at they now are, the universal utterance of the spiritual emotions and hopes of mankind. If there had been no such common Humanity, Ihen certainly Europe and Africa and even now America would not, alter tho lapso of centuries, have recognized a common redeemer from all the sulferings and perils of human life In a culprit who hail been igno miniously executed in the obscure Roman province of .imion 1 nor would Europe nave ever gone- tip in arms to Palestine to wrest from the unbelieving Turk the tomb where tint culprit hnd slept for only three days and nights alter hit descent from the cross ; much less would hit traditionary instructions, preserved by fish-ormen and publicans, have become tho chief ngency in mo reiiovuuun 01 iiuinuu suci'-iy in roii g n arier coming a"es. Hut although thia philosophy is most undeniably true, yet it would be n great error to believe that it has ever been or is likely soon to be universally accept ed. Mankind accept philosophy just in proportion as intellectual and moral cultivation enniiie them to l through proximate to ultimate consequences. While they are deficient in that cultivation, peace and order, essential to tho very existence of society, are m-ces- sarily maintained by force. Thoe who am ploy that force, seek to porpetunte their power, and thoy do this niott rffectuulty by dividing classes and castes, race and nations, and array them for mutual injury or de struction against each other. Despotism cllects nnd perpetuates this division by uneqrnl laws subversive of those of reason ami id' (tod. Moreover, n common iustinctof fear combines the oppressors of all nations inn league against tho advance o that political philos ophy which comet to liberate mankind. Those who inculcate this philosophy, therefore, necessarily en counter opposition nnd expose themselves tn dancer ; and inasmuch as they labor from convictions of duty and motives of benevolence, wilh such hnzardg of per sonal eaioty, iiieir principles ami character are justly regarded at heroic. Adams, Hamilton, Li Fnvetle. Knox and Washington, although thoy were the cham pions of human nature, a cause dear to all men, were saved from the revolutionary scaffold only by tho sue-! cess of their treason against akiugwliomiheverynncet siliet of society required to reign. Milton's " Dofence of the People of England." which was in truth n promulgation of the same philosophy which we bavo been examining, was burned by tho public executioner, and its immortal author only by good fortune escaped the tame punishment. The American colonists derived tins philosophy elm fly from Hie instructions of Locke. Sidney and Vane. Locke fled into exile, and Sidney and Vane perinhed as felons. Cicoro, an earlier pro- lessor ol the same philosophy, tell on Hie sword id a public assassin, nnd Si H' rules, who first inculcated it, drank tho fatal hemlock, under n judicial sentence, in the 1 til of Alliens. Still, this philosophy, although heroic, it by no means theretore tn im regarded ns unnecessary nnd visionary. The true heroic in human thought and con duct it only the useful in the higher regiont of speculation nnd activity. II Republicanism, or purely popular government, is the only form of p iliiical constitution which permits tho development of liberty nud equality, whit h are only other names for political justice, and if Republicanism can only be established by the overthrow of Despotism, then this philosophy is absolutely necessary to effect the freedom of mankind. AIL tho citizens of litis republic agree with us thus fur. Hut wilh many this it rather a speculation than a vital faith, and to thoy hesiisto to allow full activity to the principles thus acknowledged, through fear of disturbing the harmony nf society and Iho peaco of the world. Nevertheless, it is clear that the tamo philosophy which bringt republican institutions into existence must be exclusively relied npnn to perpetuate and defend them. A. tree may indeed stand nnd grow, and flourish for many tt-asout, although it it unsound at the heart; but just because it is to unsound, its leaves will ultimately wither, itt branches will fall, nnd its trunk will decay. It in only the house that ia built upon the rock that can surely and forever defy the tenqtests and iho waves. The founders of thit republic knew thit great truth right well, for they said : " If Justice, Good Faith, Honor, Gratitude, and all the other qualities which ennoble a nation ami fulfill dm tut ol government, shall be the fruits of our establishments, then the cause of Liberty will acquire a diunity and a lustre which ft has never yet enioved. and an example will be set which cannot nut have the most favorable influence on mankind. If, on the other snL', our governments should be unfortunately blotted wilh the reverse of these cardinal virtues, then the great cause which we have engaged to vindicate will be dishonored and betrayed. Tho lust and fairest ex periment of human nature will be turned against them, and their patrons and friends will be sileuced by iho insults of the votaries of ly ninny and oppression." The example of Romo it often commended tn ut lor uir emulation. Let ut consider it then wilh hocoming euro. Home had indeed lorms ut religion ami morals, and a show of philosophy and the arts; but tn nono of: these wat (here more than the laintest recognition ol an universal Humanity. Her predecessor, Greece, had, in a brilliant but brief nnd precocious career, in vented Iho worship of Nature, or, In other words, the worship ol ileiiiet, winch wore oniy inmes given to Iho discovered forces of nature. Tint religion did not indeed exalt the human mind to a just conception nf tho Divine, but, on tho other hand, it did not altogether consign It to the sphere of sensuality. Rome unlorlu naieiy n-jwir Tnu mob ii ihiimi, iiniriuo ,( wnB foreign, and because it was ton spiritual; and in its stead she established one which practically was tlie worship of the slate itself. The Senate elected godt f r Homo, nnd these wore expected to reward that distinguishing partiality by showing peculiar anil discriminating favor to the people of Rome; and the same political authority appointed creed, precepts, ritual, and priesthood. Does it need amplification to show what the character of the creed, the precepts', the ritual, and the priesthood thus established, necessarily were? All were equally licentious and corrupt. At wat the religion, in of course wnro the morals of tome. Ammtmn wat me tote motive ot the Hate. At first, every town In Italy, and afterwards every nation, however remote, was regarded as an enemy to be conquered, nut in retaliation for any tnpinea re coived, nor even for Iho purpose of amending itt barbarous institutions and laws, but to ho (lostnilcd and enslaved, that Rome might be rich and might occupy the world ahme. Fraud, duplicity and treachery might be practised artaiost the foreioner. nnd every form of cruelly miyht be Inflicted upon the captive I.., I u.i.i 1 1. ir.i.r :.. a.i ..r 1.:. ii" " "ii'.rii 111 uii-uoiuiiHn ir 111 iieicnnn i m country. Military valor not only became the highest of virtues, but exclusively usurped the name of virtue. The act nf parricide was the Inchest of crimen, not. however, necause 01 its grost inhumanity, lint lincnuse by a legal fiction the father wat a tan red tynool the Roman tlate. The tway of Rome, at it spread nver the world as then known, nevertheless gravitated towards the city and cantered in the Order nf Patricians. The Plebeians were degraded and despised because their ancestors were immigrant!. Helo w the Plebeians there wat yet a lower order, consisting of prisoners 01 war atid tnoir oiMprmg, always numerous enough to endanger the safety of the state. These were slaves, and the codo ol domestic servitude established for the captured Africans and their descendents in some parts ol our own country is a meliorated edition of that which Rome maintained for the government ol slaves as various in ualion, language and religion as the enemies the conquered- Tlione orders, mutually hostile and aggressive, were kept usuml'-t by discriminating laws and carefully cherished prejudices. The 1 airiciant uiviueti too puono uomain among iDom-tulves, although Plebeian blood was shed as profusely at their own in acquiring it. The Patricians alone administered Justice, and they even kept the forms of its administration a profound mystery sealed against uio xnowieugo 01 none ior wunso saieiy and wellare the laws existed. The Plebeian could approach the Courts only as a client iu the footsteps of a Patrician patron, and for his nid in obtaining that justice which of course was an absolute debt of the state, the Patrician was entitled to tho support of his client iu every enterprise of personal interest and ambition. Thus did Rome, while enslaving the world, blindly prepare the machinery for her own overthrow by tho agency of domostic factions. Industry in Home wat dishonored. The Plebeians labored with the slaves. Patricians scorned all employments but that of agriculture and the service of the state. And to Rome rejected commerce and the nrts. The person of the Patrician was inviolable, while the Plebeian forfeited liberty, and for a lung time even l'fo,by the failure to pay debts which hit very necessities obliged him to contract. Tho slaves held their lives by tlm tenuro of iheir masters' furboarance, nnd what that forbearance was wo learn from the fact that thty arrayed the staves against each other when train eft as gladiators iu mortal combat fur the gratification of their own pride and the amusement of dispeople. Punishments were Gradu ated, not by the inherent turpitude of the crimes committed, nor by tho injury or danger resulting from them to the state, but by the rank of the offender. What was that Roman liberty of which in such general and captivating descriptions we road to much 1 The Patrician enjoyed n licentious freedom, tho Plebeian an uncertain and humiliating one, extorted from tho her order by perpo mil practices of sedition. Ac cording to the modern understanding of popular rights and character, there was no people in Rome, So, at least, wo learn from Cicero. "Nan est cnim conrilium in mil bo. Nan ratio, non ditcrimcn, non diiiaenlui. Sen- perquo tapiv.nter ea (pi at populm fercwla non lawiartfla." 1 no MiiiiiiTBiiu Hitaiiiiiiiis worw uoou 111 inn wnn o- ety. The wife was a slavo and might be beaten. iransferred to another lord, or divorced at pleasure. The father slow his children whenever their care nnd support became irksome, und the state approved the act. Iu such a society the rich and great of course grew nl ways richer and greater, and the poor and low always poorer and more debased: and yet throughout all her long career did Rome never establish ono pub lic chanty, nor fins history preserved any memorable instances of private benevolence. Such wat the life of Rome under her kings nnd consult. She attained the end of her ambition, and became, at her historian truly boasts, " Papulm Itomanut tutor dominunque omnium gentium." But at tho same time (he city trembled always at the wry breathing of popular discontent, and every citizen and even iho Senate, generals and consuls were every hour ihe slaves of superstitious fears of the withdrawal of the favor of the gods. The peoplo sighing for milder and more genial laws, after the lapse ol many centuries recovered the o-t code which the good king Noma had received from tho goddess hguria. Do we wonder that the Setiato interdicted its publication, lest it might produce agitation daiigpui to the public peace? Orcnn we be surprised when wo rend thatCiceru, whoso philosophy wan only less than divine, when he found that the Republic- was actually falling into ruins, implored his now academy to be silent ? You know well the prolonged but fearful catastrophe, the civil and the servile wars, thn dictatorship, the usurpation, the empire, tho military despotism, the insurrections in the provinces, the invasion by barbarians, tho division and the dismemberment nnd thnjall of the state, tho extinction nf the Roman name, language and Inwi, nn l the destruction of society and even civilization itsolf, not only in Italy, but through out the world, and the consequent darkness which overshadowed the earth throughout seven centuries. This is the moral of astute whose material lite is stimulated nndporfneted, while its spiritual life it neglected and extinguished. And now it is seen that ihe Futuro which we ought to desire for ourcountry involves besides merely physical prospority and ngrandisement, corresponding in- leueciuai development ana advancement 111 virtue also. Has our spiritual life hitherto improved equally with our material gmwih? It is not easy to answer the question. Wo wore at first a small nnd nearly a homogeneous people. We nre now eight times more numerous, and we have in corpornted largo and various foreign elements in our society. We were originally a rural and agricultural people. Now one-seventh of our population is found in mainifactuiing towns and commercial cities. We then woro poor and lived in constant apprehension of domestic disorder and foreign danger, and we were at iho tame tune distrustful of ihe capacity and stabil ity 01 our novel ltisiitutions. in nre now relatively rich, nnd all those doubts ami bars hnvo vanitdicd. We must muke allowance for this great change d" cir cumstances, and wo must remember also that it is ihe character of iho groat mass of society now existing that is to be compared with, nol the heroic models ol the Revolutionary age, but wnh society nt large ns it then existed. It is certain lhat society has not declined. Religion has, indeed, lost some ol its ancient austerity, hut waiv ing the qnostion whether asceticism is n junt test ofro-li-'iun, we may safely tnv that the change which has 00 curred is only a compromise with foreign elements of religion, lor who will deny Hint thoso elements are purer and more spiritual hern than tho systems exit ing abroad from which they have boon derived? Nor can it be denied that while the ecclesiastical systems existing among us have been, with even mjiro than our rigorous early jealoiny, kept distinct and separate from (he political conduct of the state, religions institution 1 have been multiplied relatively with the advance id settlement and population, nnd aro everywhere well und effectually sustained. At Ihe era of independence we had little intellectual reputation, except what a hold and successful metaphysician and a vigorous explorer in natural philosophy had won for us We have j now, I think, a recognized and respectable rank in the , republic nf letters. It it true, indeed, that wo have produced few great works in speculative science and 1 polile literature, but those nre not the departments which during the last half century have chit fly engaged the human mind. A long season of political reform and recovery from exhausting wars has necessarily required intellectual activity 111 mincing into use the discoveries before made, and we may justly claim that in applying the oluinents of science to 1 ho improve ment ami advancement of Agriculture, Art and Commerce, we have not been surpassed. I do not teek to diiguise from myself, nor from you, tho existenre of n growing passion for territorial aggrandisement, which oftou exhibits a gross disregard of justice nud humanity. Nevertheless, I am not one of those who think that the lemperof the nation has become already unsettled. Arcidenis favoring the in diligence of that piss on have been met with a degree ol tell' denial that no other nation ever practiced. Ag graiidisement hat been incidental whilo society hs nevertheless bestowed its chief cure on developments of natural resources, reforms of political cnmmiutiout, melioration of codes, the diffusion of knowledge, and the cultivation of virtuo. If this benign policy has heeu chielly exorcised within the domain ol slate au thority, nnd has not reached our federal system, llm ex planation is obvious in the facta lhat tho popular wil is by virtue of tho '-deral constitution, slower in reach ing that system, and that we have inherited lears whidi seemed patriot la of the danger of severance of tlie Union, to result from innovation. If we have not in the federal government forsaken at widelyas we ought to have done, systems of administration borrowed from countries where liberty whs cither unknown or was greatly abridged, and so have maintained armies and navies nnd diplomacy nn a scale of unnecessary grandeur and ostentation, It can hardly be contended (hat tbey have in nny great degree corrupted the public virtue. Inquiry is now more active than it fiat hitherto been, and it may not he doubted that ihe federal action will hereafter, though with inch moderation, ns will produce no danger and justify no alarm, bo ninde to conform to ihe sentiments of prudence, enterprise, jut-lice and humanity which prevail among the people. Looking through the States which formed the coiifud- b repudiated, lhat manumission has been effected in half ol tlie States, and that, notwithstanding the great po btical iuflueuue which the institution has been able to organize a healthful, constant, and growing public sentiment, nourished by the suggestions of sound ocono-my and the instincts of justice and human-ty is leading the way wilh marked advance towards a complete and universal though just and peaceful emancipation. It must be home iu mind now, that all this moral and social improvement has been effected not by the exercite of any authority over tho people, but by the people thenisulves, uctiug with freedom from all except self-imposed restraints. Of the new States it is happily true that they have, almost without exception, voluntarily organized their governments according to the most perfect models furnished by the elder members of th confederacy, that thov have uniformly maintained law, order and faith, while they have with wonderful forecast been even more munificent than the elder Stutes in laying broad foundations of liberty and virtue. On the whole, we think that wo may claim that under the Republican system established here, tho people have governed themselves safely aud wisely, and have enjoyed a greater amount of prosperity and happiness than under any form of constitution which was ever before or elsewhere vouchsafed to any portion of mankind. Nevertheless, thit r view proves only lhat the measure ol knowledge nnd virtue we possess it equal to the exigency of the Republic under tho circumstances in which it was organized. Those circumBiances are ; passing away, and we are entering a career of wealth, ; power and expansion. Iu that career, it is manifest I that we shall need higher intellectual attainments and greater virtue as a nation than we havo hitherto possessed, or else there is no adaptation of means tn ends in the scheme of the Divine Government. Nay, wo shall need in thit new emergency intellect and virtue surpassing those of the honored founders of tho tie public. lamawaro that tint proposition will team to you equally unreasonable and irreverent. Nevertheless you will on a moment's reflection admit its truth. 1 Did the invention of the nation stop with the discoveries of Fulton and Franklin? On the contrary those philosophers if they could now revisit the earth, would bow to tho genius which has pot foe ted the steam engine nnd the telegraph with a homage as profound at lhat with which we honor their own great memory, Sol think Jefferson and even Washington under the satno circumstances instead of accusing ut of degeneracy, would be lost iu admiration of tho extent nnd perfection to which we have safely carried in practice the theory of self government which they established amid so much uncertainty, and bequeathed to 11s with so much distrust. Shall wo acquit ourselves of obligation if we rest content with either the achiav-monts, the intelligence or the virtue of our ancestors f If bo, limn the prospect of mankind it hopeless indeed, for then it must bo true that not only is there an im passable singe of social perfection, but that wo have reached it, and lhat henceforth not only we hut all man Kind must recede from It and civilization must ev ery where dodino. Such a hypothesis does violence to every power ot tho human mind and every hope of me unman heart. Moreover, theso energies and aspirations are the forces of a divine imtnro within us, and to admit that they can be stilled and suppressed it to contradict Iho manifest purposes of human existence. Yet it will be cp ito absurd lo claim lhat we nre fulfilling these purposes if wo should fail to produce hereaftor benefactors of our race equal to Fulton, and Franklin, nnd Adams, and even Washington. Let us hold these honored chnraciors indeed as models, but not of unap proachable perfection. Lot us on the contrary weigh and fully understand our great responsibilities. It it well that we can rejoice in the renown of a Cooper, an Irving, and n Hancrnft, hut we have yet to give birth lo a Shakspenre, a Milton, and a Bacon. The fame of Patrick Henry and of John Adams may suffice for tho pant, but tho world will yet demand of us a Durko aud a Demostheues. We may repose fur the present upon the lamo or Horso, and tulton, and Franklin, but human society is entitled to look to ut ero long lor a I'es uartet and a Newton. H wo dit- appoiut these expectations and acknowledge ourselves unequal to them, then how shall it bo made to appear that freedom is better than slavury, and republicanism more conducive to the welfare of mankind than despotism? To cherish aspirations humbler than these is equally to shrink from our responsibilities and dishonor the memory of the ancestors we to justly revere. And now I nm turn that your hearts will sink into tome depth of despondency when I ask whether American society now exhibits the inlluenccn of these higher but nnces nary aspirations, I think that every wliero tlicro in con-fewil a d.-line from the bold and stern iuuu which ai some previous time, was inculcated and practiced in Executive councils, and in RoprcHentntivo chambers. 1 think that wo all are conscious that recently wc have met questions of momentous responsibility, in the organisation of governments over our newly acquired territories, and appeals to our nympatliy ami aid tor oppressed nations abroad in a spirit of timidity nud of compromise. 1 think that we are conscious 01 navmg aoamtoned something ot our CARPETS. Tho Htmc Journal, tolerably good authority In quet tiont of taste, has the following speculations about carpets, in jt article on the Crystal Palace. It it our privdte judgment that common folks will use carpots for mauy generation! yet to come. In large ciliei, and public edi licet, and halls, the new substitute may prevail. But it will be quite too costly for common use. Still, .the speculations here made will be read with interest: Carpets are coin 2 out. Tiles, floors of oak. painted floors, and floors inlaid, are coming iu. Accustomed as we are 10 the use ot carpets, it is yet a tact, that in no countries but America and England,-are carpots in general uso. The advantages of carpets are two in number: first, they are the cheapest mode of having a showy floor; secondly, they save a world of tcrub-btng. They are, in fact, a description of than, being designed to conceal bad carpentry, pine boards, and dirt, ihe Mhioition contains specimens ol most nl tho articles designed to supersede carpets, and ladies do well to consider them. Among others, we ob served a very striking floor, made of black walnut and hickory squares of one, bordered by strips of tho other. Minton nndCo.'s"encnusic tiles" are exhibited in great variety, and they certainly make the finest floors imaginable (as any one who passes the Pres-cott House, and glances down the entrance, can see.) These tiles are the most formidable rival carpets have had to encounter. They are not only beaut it u I in the extreme, but combine the additional advantages of being particularly agreeable to the tread, not very expensive, everlastingly durablo, and ns easily kept clean as a marble mantel-piece. " In Great Hritain," says tho Inventor, " upwards of three hundred churches havo been either wholly or partially paved with these tiles; fifteen club-houses, batiks, castles, and railway stations ; ten training institutions, colleges, snd hospitals; the cathedrals of St. Patrick, Dublin, Wells, Ely, and Perth; four hundred mansions and conservatories of the nobility aud gentry ; and five hundred halls nnd lobbies of private dwel lings, have also been paved. Amongst the finest and most elaborate specimens may bo named the marine residence ot her Majesty the Queen, at Osborn; the Duke of Soiitherland's mansion at Ctiefden hear Maid enhead, Berks; the New Palace at Westminster, and particularly that part of it called the great octagon, which wat a most dillicult work, successfully execu ted; and the Town Hall, Liverpool. Avery fine pave ment 11 progressing lor at. tieorge s flail, Liverpool. The palace of tho bultnn, at Constantinople, it laid with Minton and Co't Tiles. Already many thousand pounds' worth have been sliip- jed to the united ntatet, and many churches nnd pubic buildingB, (including the State Library at Albany.) besides private lwellingsand conservatories, havo been paved with the Tiles. The cathedral nt Fredrickton, New Hrunswick ; the churches ol St. Mark and ol St. .fames the Less, Philadelphia ; Dr. Alexander's and St, George's Now York; and Grace Church, Jersey City aro paved with them or in part," We aro there fore justified in toying, that carpets are one ofthe nu merous present institutions, which the tuture wtn part ly or entirely dispense with. THE NEW GENERATION OF GROGGERIES, There it a saying of long standing respecting a class of persons who "reckon without their host," hut tho fate of tho groggery keepers around the Crystal Palace, gives a new reading to Ihe aphorism, and we have our attention directed to them as those persons who " reckoned without their euttti." Ere yet Ihe outlinal pro. portions of tho now building had showed themselves, a race of sroggeriet ot all the degrees that range be tween the saloon and the shanty, began to spring up on every side of it. With tho rank fertility of noxious weods, thoy rose more quickly lhan the goodly olive tree itself, and itt living branches, emblematical of peace and industry, were in danger of being obscured behind their noxious luxuriance. Sober meu were die-1 tressed and good citizens wero scandalized nt the spec-tncle: such n vnthnrinfr nni nnoiiisiifinRblv nnconija. , nial to the design and very designations of Ihe great' building, which acted in this instanco at the unpremeditated focus of to grand a drinking scheme. Hut Ihe drinking propensities of those who frequented the neighborhood wero most oxtravaganlly over-rated ; the , sober wero destined tn Hnd that their fears had been exaggerated, and preeminently above all were tho groggery keepers destined to find their expectations most marvelously disappointed, ror a time betoro tho opening of Ihe Exhibition a tolerably decent trade was done in Ihe imbihation of drinkables, hut the custom then received was only looked upon as a slight foretaste of lhat which was to come. All the rules, however, on , which the speculators in a alcoholic poison formed 1 their plana were doomed to be reversed, for alter the grand drinking rush upon tho day of opening, it seem ed as if on a sudden, tho throats ofthe public out there had ceased in become parcned, or the visitors 10 ine neighboorhood had entered into a conspiracy to keep sober. The proprietors bore up against tho reverse for some time; gifted with an unanticipated amount of leisure, they tat in their own arm-chairs, smoked their own cigars and imbibed their own brandy-smash. At thit, however, though sufficiently pleasant, could nover pay, Iho exteriors of tome nf the bars began to display symptoms of the proprietors' keeping holliday, iho shutters which were put up at night not disappearing from the windows nt usual in tho morning. Tlie number of g roggeries that presented these indications moo began 10 increase ; and, although tho climax, or rainer, AittJ rest of the Oottiosntsl Cos tret, 1789, erary in its beginning, we find ns general facta, that pul lie order has been etlectnally maintained, public faith has been preserved, and public tranquility has bet undislnrbial. that justico h is eve.-y where hem regu- inrly administered and generally wun impartiality, We have established a system nf education, which, it is true, it surpassed by many Europotn Institutions, in regard to the instruction afforded, but which nevertheless is far more equal and universal in regard to the masses whirh are educated, and we are beginning to see that aystcm adipted equally lo the education of both sexes, and of all races, which is n feature altogether new even in modern civilization, rnd promises the most auspicious results to the caifsoof Liberty and Virtue. Our literature half n century ago wat alto got her ephemeral and tcnrcely formed an element nf moral or political influence. It Is nnw marked with our own national principles and tentimentt, and exerts every day an in fluence on the national mind. The Journalist Press originally a feeble institution, often engaged in exciting me passions nu aiarming 100 rears or society, and dividing it intn uncompromising and unforuivimr factions. has been constantly assuming a higher tone of moral.iv and more patriotic, and humano principles nf action. There nre indeed gross abuses nf the power of suffrage, ouisdiintir popular elections nn the whole, express the will of the people, nnd are even less influenced by authority, prejudice and passion, than heretofore. Sla very, an institution that was at first quite universal, has now oomn In he acknowledged an a peculiar one in only a portion nf tba Slates. And if ns I doubt not, you, like myself, are impattentof its continuance, then you will nevertheless tindgrntmd for much satisfaction In the fact that the foreign slave trade has been alrasulv by unanimous consent of all tho States condemned tod high morality in sulfcring important post ol public service at home ami uhrond to fall sometimes into the hands nf mercenary men destitute of truo Republican spirit, and of generous aspirations to promote tho wo I faro of our country and of mankind, " Souls (hut no hmw of future praise inflame, Cold and uissnsiblo to glorious fame." 1 think that we .ire accustomed to etc uso the national demoralization which lias produced those results, on tho ground that tlm practice of a sterner virtue niiglit have disturbed ihe harmony of society, and endangered the safety of lfi.it fabric of union 011 which all our ti opes depend. In this we forget that a nation must always recede if it be not actually advancing : that an Hopn it tlie element of progress, so Fear admitted into public, counsels betrays like Treason. Hut there is nevertheless no sufficient reason for the outrun t of ilia national virtue. Moral forces are like material forces subject to conflict and reaction. It is only through successive reactions that knowledge and virtuo ndvanre. Tho groat conservative and restorative forces nf society still remain and are acquiring all the while even greater vigor thin they havo ever heretofore exercised. Whether I nm right or not in this opinion, all will aureo tint an increase of popular intelligence and a renewal of niiime virtue are necessary. 11111 is saving nnttiing new. tor it is a maxim ol political science that all nations must continually advance in knowledge and renew their consti-tiil'onal virtuet or must perish. I nm sura that wn shall do tins because. I am sure that our great capacity for ad vancing tho welfare of mankind has not yet been exhaust-nd.aml tliat the promises wo havo given to tho cause of iiutnanny win not no sintered lo tail by Him who over all rs an iiumnn events 10 me promotion ei that cause Hut wliero is tlie ngency that is to work nut these to necessary remits ? Shall wo look tn the Press f Yes, wo may hopn much from tho Press, for it is frco. It can safe ly inculcate truth and expose prejudice, error and injus tice. 1 tie 1 rest moreover is strong m its period mechanism, and it readies every inind throughout this vast and ever widening confederacy. Hut tlie Press must havo editors and authors, men possessing talents, education and virtuo, and so qualified to instruct, enlighten and guide the People. Shall wo look to (ho sacrrd desk ? Vot, indeed, for it is of divino institution, nnd is approved by human eipcri-eiiee. The ministers of ('hrist inculcating divine morals under divine authority with divine sanctions nnd sustained ami aided by special cn-operating influences nf Ilia Divino Spirit, aro now carrying further and broadly onward thn great work of the renewal of Uio civilization of the wnrld and itt emancipation from superstition aud despotism. Hut tlie desk also must havo ministers, men possessing talents, education, and virtuo, and so qualified lo enlighten, instruct and guide mankind. Hut however well the Press, the Desk, and the popular Tribune may be otitdilied to instruct and nlcvato tho Peo ple, their success ami consequently their inlbicnco must mmr nu nejinno mrgeiy on tne mensiiro 01 intelligence anil virtue possessed by Iho People when sulfieientlv milnrid t receive theso instructions. Editors, Authors, Ministers, Statesmen, ami People, all are qualified tor their respective posts of duty in tho institutions of popular education, and tlie standard of these is established bv that which ia recognised among us by the various names of tlm Academy, innumiegn. aim 1110 university. Wo see, then, that the fniversity holds a chief place, 'among thn institutions of 1 lie .Miie nun 11 ixepuniic. I nny not attempt to specify at large what the Universf ly ought to tench, or how it ought to imparl its instruc. lions. That has been confided to abler and morn practical hands. Hut 1 may venture to insist on tho nncfssilv at' having tho standard of moral duty maintained nt its just height by thn University. That institution must Ito rich ami lull in thn knowledge, nf tho sciences which it imparts, out huh is not ni use 11 enough, it must imbue thn nation al mind with correct convictions of thn greatness nud ex cellenco to whieli it ought tn aspire. 'I o do tins it must nrmiHtnm thn tiuhlit ml 11, 1 tn I111.L1 linvnn.l tlm nioiw ti. porary consequences of actions and events to their nlti- they eoiihlcometn no ngreement. And as they male influence on Iho direction o the Hepiiblicand on the ''ill debating and qnarreling, they heard a groan, progress of mankind. So it will enable men to decide Im- Then suddenly they stopped talking, and turned to tween prejudice and reason, expediency and duly.tliedem- wards Ihe boy , and found that he was dead Dhfenet agogiio and tlm statesman, tho bigot and tho Christian. J Tho standard whirh the University shall establish must Sickniss. In sickness the soul begins to dress her correspond to the principles of eternal truth nnd equal pis- telf for immortality. First she unites the tiring ol liee. The University must Im conservative. It must hold g vanity lhat made her upper garment! cleavo tn tho Lim .-v.-tj im.1 prmripinm n itirai mill pin tn iu Rvimii-n m.u w,ir, ,t Uneasy. KIlO phi! Oil thn light ami fail the pathos of the groggery panic, has not been reached yet, some forty houses in tlie neighboorhood now display Iheir shuttors np, and the indications lhat the premises within are to let lo new adventurers. In addition too, to those shops so closed np, tome havo been metamorphosed in their character, lor instance, in one case, we noticed a groggery changed into a green grocery store ; the vegetable! had succeeded the alcoholic, nnd potatoes nnd white cabbage hnd supor neded sherry-cobblers and mint-intent. Hul tho tame ruin which hat overtaken tho vendors of unwholesome draughts, hit aim to somo extent overwhelmed tho keopert nf bars for innocent drinks and mild refreshments Ihe proprietors of tod a-water fountains are all hut banKrtipt, (00, and in very despair have ceased any longer tn tit at the receipt ot custom. fhe hart and the fountains am still there i but the hoy that tended the one erected by the adventurous black smith, has gone hack to hit master's trade; the man who paid a good price lr his stand near the grocery, has returned lo New-York to look for a situation Mass & Vailing, too, have shut up their gilded saloon and the man who had the stall at the corner, has given up selling oyster soup as a bad job. The popular exhibitions have also been engulphed in the general ruin 1 the bearded females have either shaved themselves or departed; the crocodiles have gone away without leaving their new address, and ihe mammmli oxen have gone to grass like Nebucbaiinex- zar. Alt is empty, and, any the proprietors, "all Is vanity." iV. Y. Timet. TnKoi.nnr n Educatioh. A Fable. One winter's night, a poor hoy, worn nut with cold and hunger, Iny senseless oefore a rich man't door ; and the rich man teeing him, wat moved with pity, and carried him Into his house. In a little while the warmth nf the lire, which was hlaziug in the room whore the boy was laid, restored him to life, and, feebly opening bis eyes, and raising his head from the ground, in a faint, low voice, he oried : "1 have had nothing to eat these two days) give mo food, or I shall die." Dread, and meat, and wine were placed before him ; but at he stretched forth his hand towards Ihe food, the rich man removed it from within hit reach, saying: "Stop, before you eat you must say grace." And he repeated a form ol grace, which he ordered the boy to say afier him. Hut another man who wat present, and who was a dissenter, interrupted him, and cried, "Your words are wicked, iho boy shall not use them; tH is the grace which he must pronounce" and then he gave another form of grace, which he would have spoken. And when he lint) finished talking, a third man, who was n Catholic, more vehemently than the other twn, exclaimed, " Uothof you are wrong, I cannot sutler the boy to si -i by doing ns either of you would nrge. Thi ia what he oupht in say "and he repeated, in a loud voice, a third form of grace. And then all three spoke together, each one insisting that he aess wat right And they became aunty, and abused one another, and ihe altercation continued for more than an hour, for GEN. 0. HINT0N ARRESTED. Coming back to Ohio California Developments of Ohio Batcality Bead I Readl A friend in California sends us ( via the Nicaragua Route) (be following rich account of thedoingsol Gen. 0. Hinton, alias Samuel Q. Gordon, and his accomplices in Ohio. On Monday, 85th lost., snyt the Lot Angalot Star, Samuel G, Gordon, who has been residing in this city a short time, was arrested by virtue of the warrant of Hon. Benjamin Haynes, District Judge of this District, upon affidavit of R. W. Rheinhart, charged wilh hav-iug robbed the United States mail in 1849 or 1850, within the Ohio Judicial Ditlrict of the United Stales. The examination of the case was concluded on Tuesday evening, aud the opinion of the Judge given on Wednesday morning, committed the defendant to the Sheriff of Los Angeloa county fur three months, to await n warrant from the V. 8. District Judge of California, for his removal to Ohio for trial, I. S. K. Ogier, Esq., U. S. District Attorney, appeared for the govern ment, and J. L. Brent. Esn.. for the defendant. The defendant's real name it O. Hinton. According to his statement before the examination, nfter the alleged robbery, two rewards of $.rilJ0 and $1,000, had been offered for bis arrest; at Wellaville, on the Ohio River, in 1850, having teen one of Ihe handbills, he surrendered himself to tome friends and was conducted to Cleveland, Ohio, where he wat committed for want of bail in I5,000, and imprisoned at Columbus till tome lime iu December of that yimr, when ho wat dis- chargd under $10,000 bail, his trial to take place in June following. in January, lain, wun tne consent 01 nit Dan, uo wont to Cuba; there hit brother-in-law wrote him that, by arrangement teith the U. 8. Attorney for the 1 bio district, a nolle prosequi hud boon entered, on hit bail paying up the bond, the expenses of government, etc. A certificate of the clerk of the district court accompanied tho letter. But he says he did not read it, and finally, lost it at Chagres. He remained tome time to the uaidornia minea ; tnonce went to t'oruami Oregon, where ha kept a public house last your. He says the II. 8. Marshal of Oregon knew of the charge against him, wrote to Ohio on ihe subject, and told him that the reply wat all satisfactory. He changed bis name to avoid the notoriety attached to it as connected with the alleged robbery. Ia reference to a report in the newspapers that ho had dodged the Marshal of California, be says that the Marshal of Ohio, coming to California In pursuit of some offenders, made uae of the name of O. Hinton, in order to throw them off their guard, and that a subsequent article in the newspapers gave this as the reason. He claims that the charge, in this instance, It made againtt bim, because he would not pay hush-money, and lhat tho tame thing wat attempted to be done at Portland. Wo copy the above from tho Cleveland Plain Dealer. Of course, lhat paper believet all thit story of the mail robber, and of course it opens a line field to charge nil sort! of rascality upon Gen. Mason and the Whig administration. It Hinton it arretted, we are glad of it. Wo hope he will be brought home, tried, and be made to work out hit time in the Penitentiary like common scamps. He will get no tympalby from theso ho once deceived. - LAYING OUT SURFACES A fow simple rules are oftentimes convenient to those who are not conversant with surveying operations ; a writer in The Western Horticultural Review has communicated to lhat work tome very good ones, tome of which we copy, and to wh ch we add a lew others: To layout an acrx in a CiRCLx. First fix a centre, and with a rope at a radius, seven ro 's three links, three-eightht long, one end attached to the centre and kept uniformly stretched, the sweep or it at the other end will lay out ihe aero. For one quarter nf an aero, a rope three rods and fourteen links will be the right length. For or e-eighth of an acre, a rope two rods and thirteen links will be enough. . Trianoms. If you wishatriangle to contain just an acre, make each side nineteen rods five and a hall feet long. A triangle whoe sides are six rods and twenty links each, will contain one eighth ol an acre. To i.at out an Erxirsa, or Ovai.. Set three stakea in a triangular position. Around these stretch a rope. Take nwny the stake at tho apex of the triangle, which will be where the tide of toe aval it to come. Move the stake along against tho rope, keeping it tight, and it will trace out ihe oval. A square to contain an acre, or just one hundred and m'tMif ruJ, btuJJ hmvm each nf lis sides just twelve - rous, ten teei and seven tentns long. To Draw an Oval or a Givin Sizi. The Ion? and the short diameters being given any twenty feel for the shorter, aud one hundred for ihe longer divide the short diameter intn any number of equal parts, Bay ten, and from each point draw a line parallel to the lung diameter; then divide the long diameter into the tame number of equal parts, (ten) aud from each point draw a line parallel to the short diameter. Then draw a line from point to point whero the corresponding line outs the other on the outside, and the connecting mark will describe the oval ar ellipse required. The New York Tribune discusses ihe character of our public men, and says some truths that will do to remember. There is much force aud point in much of the following reflections: A prominent vice of our lime is the universal tenden cy toward tilling responsible placet with timoruat, in-ofi'ensivs, negative, half and half men, whom nobody can be jealous nf because limy are nobody and amount to nothing. Hence wo nave ant for years been able tn elect a groat man tn ihe Presidency, but have sot aside our Clay, Webster, Calhoun, Ac, fur such ns we have. We think this game has been nbont run into Ihe ground as to Presidents, but it is likely to fl mrish a long lime with respect to Governors, Congressmen, &o. Every, body realizes the degeneracy knows lhat we have poorer sticks in exalted stations ami feeHler Congresses and Legislature! than we hnd twenty tn Hi ty years ngo. By and by ihe Peoplo will be roused Vito arovolt, and will set to work tn redress the evil in. ihe only practicable way by kicking over parly ptMlnrma, laying linger to nose at regular nominations, auoj voting for men of genuine grit and stamina even thougHthey may net on every question of principle or policjS accord with them. This is what we shall come to in end if the People are nnt now ready for it, we ca wnit. Perhap. it ia best lo let things run down as fat and at far as possible, so that Ihe rebound may lie more prompt and Miecitve. the experience, of mankind hat approved, but it must nlto bo bold, remembering tlmt in every human sysleni there are aiwnys political superstitions upholding physical slavery in some of it modes, as thern are always religious superstitions upholding intellectual slavery la some of its forms, that oil those superstitions stand upon prescription, and that they can only bo npldeil wliero Opinion is h It free, nud Reason is evnr active and vigorous. Hat the University must nevertheless prartico and leach moderation and chanty, oven to error, rememlMtring that involuntary error will necessarily bo mingled ulso even with its own Ix'nt instructions, that unbridled xeal overreaches nnd defeats itself, and that he who would compier in monl di-eiiKsion.liko him who would prevail in athletic games, must bo temperate in all thingn. Reverend Instructors and benevolent founders, this new institution by reason of its locution in iho centre ef Ohio, itself a central one among these thirly-eiie united communities, must exert an inlliienee t fist ran scarcely lie conceived now upon the welfare and fame nf our common eounlry. Unvotn it then I pray you to no mere partisan or sectarian nliioets. llememlier that the Patriot and the Christian in n partisan or a sertarian, only he cnuso the constitution ol society allows him no other mofe of efficient anil beneli- com activity, l.el "( apiiai 1 nnenrny im tieiucfiieti 1101 to the interests of tho benalifiil city which it adorns, nor even In the interests of the great nnd prosperous Slnlo whoso patronage I hope it dl largely enjov, nor men lo the llepulilie ef whieli 1 tmst it is destined to Iteremo a tower nf strangth and support. On tho contrary if you would ro ike it promote most eifectually all these precious interests, dedicate it I eiqom unen you, as our forefslhent dedicated all the inhibitions winch they cstsbhshed.tothe osusq of Human Nnturo, tastic robe nf Inst and wanton appetite, Next In this, the soul, by the help of sickness, knocks oil' the fetters of pride and vainer complarenret. Then she draws ihe curtains, stops thn light from coming in, and takes the pictures down I hose fantastic images of self love and gny remembrances of vain opinion and popular noises. 1 pen nm spirit sloops into tottrieiiet 01 hum ble thoughts, nnd feels corruption chiding the forward nesii nf fancy, allaying the vnpur of conceit and fac tions opinions. (Next to these, as tho tout it sit ill tin-dressing, the Ink' t off the reiighnest of her great and tittle angers nnd animosities, and receives the oil nf metrics and smooth forgiveness, lair Interpretation's and gentle answers, des gns of reconciliation and Christian atonement, iu Iheir places. Jeremy Taylor, Fait Dimity. We have a way of our own for doing up the essential acts of life in this live eounlry, that cannot be beat this side of Australia, and perhaps not even in mat goiuen inmi 01 convicts and Kangaroos. Ono of the piiitlt of an up town seminary, a young la-day, stepped into the schimbrnom the other morning, nnd commenced gatherirg her hooka, stating that she was very sorry to be compelled to leave the school, " For whatreason f " mildly Inquired her astonished teacher. " ( th, T was married Inst evening, that's all." " Why ilid you not inform me before ? " " For the simple reason," replied the blooming bride, " that I did not know it myself until during Iho same ntternoon no never asaeu me mi then. A Goon Rxrt.r. A few days since, several English tourists, among whom waa nne who has acquired 11 ve ry lofty celebrity in the scientific world as a Civil Engineer, and a knighted nobleman withal, visited Cincinnati, and, by invitation of several gentlemen ol thit city, were shown through the principal manufactories ofthe town, and taw the " lion" generally. At every thing they saw, in ihe way of ihe mechanio arts in architecture, and in the general characteristics of nur city -they were at well pleased as common civility could demand, withtnt exception, however. Thit exception wat in a foundry, near the Canal and Walnut atreet, where ihe proprietor, on showing these visitors a peculiar ttyle of " biittt" of hit own invention, and which are extensively used throughout iho west in preference to any Imported article, wis ngrs- niziiffty told lhat hit "butts "were a pretty fair arti cle, out not at good as 1110 nrutsh. ihe proprietor bit hit lipt, and proceeded to exhibit other articles; but, in every case, Sir Robert , expressed bit opinion that the English articlo excelled. The manufacturer now begau to gel nut of patience, aud, turning tn lha Englishman, asked sharply 1 "Do you wish to know, Sir, what article lo America ran bent ihe Hritish article ?" " Yes," Mr. (1., ' I would like to hear of one." is GuNrownxR, Ay Q d, SirV Sir Robert and his party respectfully Ito wed, -and were politely escorted by the manufacturer to the street dour. Cis. A-. RrAsoN witt ' HnunDFH Die anon 'i.xrTTiix Church. Mr Dickson, a colored barber in one of our New' England towns, was shoving one nf hit customers, a respectable citizen, one morning, when a conversation o -curred between them, respecting Mr. Dlckton's former connection with a colored church in that place. " I believe you nre connected with the church in Elm street, Mr. Dii kson," said the customer. 'No salt, not al all.' Wlmt, did yon leave Iheir communion, Mr. Dick-ton f if I may be permitted to ask.' ' Why, I tell you sah," said Mr. Dickson, strapping a concave razor on the palm ol his hand. It was jess like dit I jined dat church in good fsif. I gib ten dollars toward the stated prencliin of the gospill, dn fust year, and do church peepil all rail me hrndder Dickson. I)e second year my business nut good, and I only gib fivedolhirs. Dal year do church peeplll rail me N titer Dickson. De razor hurt you sah ?' No, razo' goes tobiil well.' ' Well sah. de third year I feel berry poor sickness In my family and I didn't gib nuflin for prnachin.' Wall, sub, nrter dat dey call me oie aiffrr Dtekton, i t Vrff em, Ei.oqtjXNcn Boii.tn Down. A writer (n the Christ Ian Herald cites the following, which he heard delivered by a slave in a religious lecture room, Montogmcry, Alabama. It is not a had illustration in the way of an admonition: " My bredren, God blest your souls, liglon Is like the Alabama riber t In spring comes fresh, an bring in all denle logs, sleds, an sticks dat hsb been I v in' nn do bank, an carry them down in de currant. Hymehy de water go down den a log enkh on dis Island, den a slab get rotched on do shore, an de sticks on de bushes an dare dey lie, wiiherin' and divin' till romo nether fresh. Jus' so dar come' vival oh 'liglon -dis ole tinner hro'l in, dat olo blackslider bro't back, nn all de folks seem cumin' an mighty good timet. Hut bredren. God bless your soles, hvmeby 'vitals gone den dis nle sinner is stuck on hi! own iin, aloro on jus' surbT a rock ; den nne nrter 'nnder, dat hnd got 'ligion, lies all along de shore, an darn dey lie till mnler 'vival. Held bed bredren. God bless yntir sonls, keep in do current.