Ohio State journal and Columbus gazette (Columbus, Ohio : 1825), 1837-05-19, WEEKLY. WEEKLY.

              IP it ftp FRIDAY, MAY 19, 1837. WEEKLY. No. 57, Vol. XXVI Whole No. 1472 r PR! NT EH AND PUBLISHED BY SCOTT & WRIGHT. Office on State-it rent, third door weit of tlic Clinton Bank. FOR RENT, the lower part of building No. in the Broad-way Exchange, recently occupied by Dennii Neil u a Tai loring entahlisliment. May 12.. 3t f-j-Tlie Jour mi!, la published once a week, generally, and twice a week during the aesslon of the State Leitlsluture. Price, Three Dollar! a year In advance, or Three Dollars ' and Fifty Cents nt the end of the year. No auliacrllier allowed to discontinue while he remains indebted to the office. Letters on business should lie addressed to the Publishers. 1KW No. 26, In the Episcopal Church, for laic. . this office. A pply nt May 5 NriOLVENTS' NOTICE Notice Is hereby given to nil whom It may concern, that James Cosby. Norman S. Tot- TLK,and Nicholas Dkmorbst, will apply to the Court of Common Pleas, at their next term, to be hoi den on the 22d instant, for the benefit of the "Act for the relief of Insolvent Debtors:'' the said Demorest and Cosby, under the 7th section, and Tuttln under the 8th section of said act. JOHN C. BRODRICK, Acting Commission Insolvents for Franklin Co. May 5..1M22 NOTICE is hereby given, .to all persons having unsettled accounts with the estate of BENJAMIN SELLS, deceased, to present tlielr claims to Warren Jenkins, for settlement; and all those Indebted will make payment to him without delay. ' Notice U hIbo Given, that by the Inst will of the n foresaid testator, the lulwcribers are duly authorised to sell at prlvute sale all the real estate of which be died seized; and we will receive proposals for any parcel of land or town )(t which any person may wish to purchase. A full list of the property to ho toh will be hereafter published. WARREN JENKINS,) PETER HELLS, j May 5..6w NOTICE is hereby given to the Stockholders of the Columbus Insurance Coin puny, thnt a meeting of said Company will he held at their office, In the city of Columbus, on the 5th day of June next, for the purpose of electing thirteen Directors, to serve the ensuing year. Maya..tJe5 WARREN j kin kin!, recy. Executors. FEMALE ACADEMY, AT DELAWARE, Delaware county, Ohio, under the enre of Missos M. L. and E. McNkm,, from Musiachusetts. The summer term of ibis institution will commence the lotli of May, and will he divided Into two uunr (ers, each eleven weeks. The hrnnrhes tanuht are as follows: Ortlioftraphy, Rending, Penmanship, English Grnimimr. Coiim rnaitlon, fieoimfiliy, tllitory, Arithmetic, Logic, Rlistorfr, Mental and Mornl Philosophy, Mathematics, Astronomy, Natural Philosophy, Chimistry, Botany, Natural Tl.cology, French, and Music TERMS. Elomentnry Branches, per quarter, $3 00 Higher Branches, 4 00 An additional charge for French, 2 00 ' Music 10 00 Use of the Piano Forte, per quarter, 3 00 Instruction will lie Imparted In the several br inches of a sub stantial and finished education. Particular attention will be paid to the young Indies, as It regards their persons, dress, and nnnners. Commuiiicnlions-of those wishing for further Infor motion concerning the School, may be addressed to the teachers. REFERENCES. "JUIILIC SALE OF TOWN LOTS AT THE COUNTY . SEAT OF VAN WERT The undersigned, proprietors of the town of Vanwert, will offer for inle, on Saturday, the 3d j of June, 18.17. on the premises, one half of the lots in said town, (the oilier half being donated to the county.) The sale being two days previous to the time fixed by law for the urganiza- j tion nnd holding Hie first term of the Court in said county, of- j fcrs first rate opportunities to persons wishing to muke henen cinl Investment. The town of Vanwert Is at the geographical center of the county, oi the middle fork of Auglalse river, and Is on an ele vated rlilge of land along which a Hiato road li located from lliii-yrus to Fort Wayne; nlso a fftate road from tit. Mary's to Defiance cr. sues on the town pint. Liberal donations have been made of lots for churches and school purposes. Plats will be exhibited on the day of sale. The lauds In this vicinity are or superior quality, and are sell ing with great rapidity. Terms of sale, one fifth of the purchase money In hand, the balance in two equal installments, without Interest. PETER At'flHI N11AUGH, GEORGE MARPH, JAMES WATHON RILEY. April 2(1.. 5 w S' Rev. James McElroy, Rev. William Little, Judge Grlswold, Judge Williams, Charles Swcciser, Esq. Rev. Henry Van Pcmnn, General Sidney Moore, Doctor James Lnngworthyt Milo D. Pettibone. Esq. May 5 1 T L. WEATHERLY & CO. Product Commit tion Merchant t J . Cleveland, Ohio, give their entire attention to the sales and purchase of Flour, Pork, &c, on commission, at the customary charges. REFERENCE. R. II. Backus, Esq. Messrs. Bronson & Colt. , R. Dnl7.cH 4- Co., Pittsburgh, " W. R, Thompson ej Co. Lea, Newman vo, May 5. -6m ' Cleveland. MERIFF'S SALE. By virtue of two executions to me di reeled, from the Court of Common Plena of the county of Madison, and State of Ohio, there will be ottered for sale on the 29th day of May next, between the hours prescribed by law, tho following real estnte, to wit: One hundred acres of land, part of a survey of lbfauj acres, No. 5Wi, bounded and dcxcrild ns follows, to wit: Iteglnning at a black oak, hickory, and white oak, south-went corner to Nathnn Lltiler's survey, No. 5H0I; running with said Hitler's line, north 20, east 75 poles, to n stake in a prairie; thence north 70, west 120 poles, to a stone planted; thence south 20, west 134 poles, 10 two ashes and n hickory; thence south 70, east 120 poles, to a while oak, black walnut, and black oak fallen; thence north 20, enat 51) poles, to thn place of beginning. Said land levied on as the property of William Jones, at the suit of the President, Directors nnd Company of the Franklin Bnnk of Columbus, against Jojin W. Warner, Wil liam Jones, and Aimer Warner. Apfll27..4w WILLIAM WARNER, Shf. M. C. ' j Philadelphia. rTMIE success of the SOUTHERN TONIC Is unprecedented. I. It tins lreen anxiously son slit after by all clashes in every part of the United Stales, and its widely extended distribution has been owing to the many request! received from every sec tion of the South and South-wcat. Although It originated In an ol wen re part of the country but a few years since, It la now round In all the principal towns nnd villains in the Union, and Its virtues as n cure fur Ague and Kevor, and as a general Tonic, are appreciated by all who have ued It, Being, ns It professes. a compound of Southern Vegetable, is need less to olfer the assurance that tlioro ts no Arsenic, Alercury, nor any thing In be least hurtful to the human constitution ln.lt. It will Iw found a valuable medicine In all cases of Dyspepsia and dfsor ganlxsd Stomach and Bowels, and pmients convalescing from Bilious Fever will derive the moit important benefits from the use of the Southern Tome. It may be administered to children and Infants or the most lender age, with the utmost safety. Prcpnred mily by COSTER Ai COXE, nt their Laboratory. .- Montgomery, Alabama, and sold by their Agents In every part 01 me uuueu Biiues, &e. For sale by P. H. OLMSTED, Columbus, Ohio, where certl flcatca of cures may Iks seen. May 1..MM3 GENUINE SOUTHERN TO McTlvoTrVnted oceVJT vJ tnttini euro for Feeer and Jlguo. It Is esteemed His best general T'nie known, In all rases of disorsanlzcd Sioinach nnd Bowels. In l)yswia, the Southern Tonic stands pre-eminent. Patients convalescing from Bilious Fever will derive the most Important benefit from Us use. Prepared by Cosier and Coxe, at their Laboratory, Montgomery, Alabama. For sale by their appointed agent, P. II. OLMSTED. . May 5..lDec.6. Justus M. Hill, Union County Supreme Court, July Term, In lite year 18J7. Mary Ann Hill. rpilE said Mary Ann Is hereby notified that the said Jurtu I M. Hill has filed his pelt lion In the Clerk's otlice of the 8u rene Court of said county of Union, nnd Stale cf Ohio, charg ing a mnrrlage to have been solemnlxed between them In the month of June, 1830, nnd prays that said contract may bo dls solved, and he divorced from his said wife, for willful, coniiuu d, and unexplained nlenre for more than three years Inst past as also for adultery, and other conduct unltccomingn wife. Said Mary Ann will attend nt the next term of said Court, and make defense, if she to choose. SILAS fl. STRONG, Clerk of said Court. W. C. Lawbk.ick, Sol. May 5..2m ' ( nlon County Supreme Court, July Term, Joseph Hcer. ) m1' rpilE snid Joseph Gear Is hereby notified that Hie en id Jane X Gear has tiled her petition in the Clerk's ollice of the feu prcmo Court of snid county, setting forth a marriage with the aaid Joseph (Jeer In the year lR2J.nnd prays to have snid con tract dissolved, and site divorred from her said husband, for will ful, continued, and unexplained absence from home for more than three years Inst past. Said Joseph Geer can attend, and do fend, If he choose. SILAS G. STRONG, Clk. fl. C. Union Co.tO. W. C. Lawbkmck, Bol. May 5. .3m For terms apply to KIRBY k. THOMAS, Broad-street. MR. WEBSTER'S SPEECH. Delivered at JYibloU Saloon, in New York, on Vie Mtk "ONE COUNTRY ONE CONSTITUTION ONE DES TINY." Mil. Chairman, and Fellow-Citizens: it would be idle in me to nfleet to be indifferent to the circumstances under which I have now the honor i au dressing you. I find myself in the commercinl metropolis of the Continent, in the midst of a vast assembly of intelligent men, drawn from all the classes, professions, and pursuits of life. And you have been pleased, centiemen. to meet mo in this niiDoaiiiir manner, and to offer me a warm and cordial welcome to your city. I thank you. I feel the tun lorce and importance ol this manifestation ot your regard. In the highly flattering resolutions which in- led me here, in the respectability of this vast multi tude of my fellow citizens, and in the approbation and hearty good will, which on have here manifested, I feel cause for profound and grateful acknowledgment. To every individual of this meeting, therefore, 1 would now, most respectfully, mnke that acknowledgment i and with every one, as if with hands joined in mutual greeting, 1 reciprocate friendly salutation, respect, and good wishes. but, ccntlcmcn, although I am well assured of voiir. personal regard, f ennnot fail to know, thnt the tun;, the political and commercial condition of things which exists among us, and an intelligent spirit, awakened to new activity ana a new degree ol anxiety, have mainly contributed to fill these avenues and crowd these halls. At a moment of difficulty, and of much alarm, ou come here, as Whigs of New York, to meet one horn you suppose to be bound to vou bv common prin ciples, nnd common sentiments, and pursuing, with you, a common object. Gentlemen, 1 am proud to ad it this community oi our principles, and this identity f our object. You are for the Constitution of the country ; so am I. You are for tho Union of the States; so am I. You are for equal laws, for the equal rights f all men, for constitutional nnd iust restraints on power, for tho substnnce and not the Bhadowv imarre only of popular institutions, for a government which ua liberty lor its spirit and soul, as well as in Us forms; and so am I. You feel, that if in warm party times, the executive power is in hands distinguished for bold ness, for great success, for perseverance, and other rpEMPKRANCB lloUHB Thn sulmcrilwr has removed his I residence to the BRICK BUILDING on Hiirh strcct. oppo site the Theatre, where he la prepared to accommodate several HOARDERS by the week, month, or year, on rensonnMe terms. His rooms ore large and airy; and regular bonrders, stage pas winters, or transient visitors, who wish to tarry in the city a raw days, will nnd com fort nine quarters and good tare. iT7" He respect (11 My Invites travelers who prefer stonnins at a House where nosiilrilous liquors are kept, to nive ulin nrnll. April 2U..tf TH08. NE1LL KJ thankful for the former liberal patronage he lias received, during the two past yenrs, would Inlorm tht farmem and put lie generally, that having purchased the Columhus Woolen Fac tory, and having, at eousiderahle expense nnd lahor, repaired the machinery nnd huilding, and added another double carding machine and steam engine, is now well prepared to cord wool, full and finish cloth, on short notice nnd in ns good a style as any whore In the neighborhood of this place. And from his determination to try to please, he bones to merit the patronage of a generous puhl c. He also wishes to employ a workman welt skilled in spinning and weaving. A man of steady and Industrious halilts will nmt suitable encouragement. April 28. GEO. JEFFERIF.8. TVTEW HOOKS LATE PUBLICATIONS Nick of the Xl Woods, or the Jihhctininosay.a tale of Kentucky; 2 vols. Uy the author of Cnltvnr, the Iiilnlcl, &e. G leanings In Kurojrit; by Hie author of the Bpy, &c. 2 vols The Pickwick Cluh; edited hy llox. 2 vols. Sketches of Every day Life and Every-day People, by llox. I vol. Life In London, or the day and n in lit scene's of Jerry Haw thorn, Corinthian Tom, nnd Hob Logic; by Pierce Rgnn. 2 vols, Lite In Pnrls, or the rambles and sprees of Dick Wildlirc, &t., be. 2 vols. The Magician; by Lcltch Ritchie. 2 vols. The Warlock, a tale of the ana. 2 vols. The Empress; by (3. Uennett. 2 vols. Del Irate Attentions, i.nd other talcs; hy Paul Pry. Trails and Trials nf Early Life; hy L. E. L 1 vol. Codolphin; 2d edition. 2 vols. Henrietta Temple; by the author of Vivian Grey. Just received and for sale, at the Bookstore nf April 28. MONROE BELL "VTBW AND VALUABLE BOOKS Memoirs of Aaron 11 llnrr; by M. I.. Davis. The Life of Jefferson, with parts of bis correspondence never before published, hy George Tucker. 2 vols. 8vo. Geology and Mineralogy, n Bridgwater Treatise; by Duck land, with numerous onsravlnvs. 2 vols. Bvo. The Letters and Works of Lady Mary Wurtlcy Montague; edited by tier great gnndson, l.ord Wharnclitre. 2 vols. Qvo, Three Exirarlinents of Living. 1 vol. Campbell and Purcell's Debate on the Roman Catholic Roll glon. 1 vol. 1 Jino. Just received nnd for sale by April 2il. MONROE RELL. KKNTIJCK April, 1 Y JEANri wholesale and retail hy 887. P. H. OLMSTED. rpilK notes and arcounls of OHIloRNE & KINO, and nlso l thosonf Hie undersigned, are left with Messrs. Htiwart it Ossohnk; whore all those Interested are rnniesied to call and diwhnrge the same, otherwise they will Iw left with a Ma gia-rtiic for collection. April itt..1w CEORCB KING " ' ( Union Conncy, Ohio In Chancery Supreme James Reed. Conrt-Pe.li.on for Divorce. f I 111 R above nnmd J.mes Reed Is herohy noticed that said X Mnry Reed, on Hie 3d day of May, A. D. 18:17, Died in thn Cork's otlice of said V' urt her etitinn, praying that the mnr rlage between said part es tm dissolved, on account of willful absence of the t-tki ' Read for more than three years. And Che said Jhmcs Rved is hereby noililcd, Hint said (Hiiiiinn will be beard and derided on hy said Court, at their next term in the county of Union, Ohio, mi the 8U1 day of July, iiA7, till, AH O. STRONG, Clerk Union Hupreme Court, W. C. Lavrenco and A. Hall, Sols, for PUT. (1' May 5. .2m 1")AWET BOATd. Red Bird Line ( Portsmouth. The . above line ts now In operating hQj,wernH isplnrnand Portsmouth. One boat otl.be Una will, leave this city every morning, and arrive In Portsmoitlt(Mi,ilia succeed lug morning. For pas age, apply on board. Columbus, March 3. tf 1 TAMIAII V of a kit RLE PROPERTY TO LEASE. Lois 6, 7, nnd 8 utxlivixlon of lots 3,1-1, 5, and ti. 10 teasn fur a term of vears, uikmi accommodating terms. The above uts are op- TOiiile the south front of the Stale House, and commence ou Stale street only seventy feel fiom High-street. They are car Hi feet front, and 72j deep, having an alley 1'2j feet widu at the rear, connecting with an alley 10 feet wide on the west side of lot No. ti. Impure of WM. A.PI.ATT, April 28.. 4w M. J. GILItEUT. Clt'llOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES Misa M. II. Siuw will KING & HOLMES, (successors to Lewis Hutchinson Co.) Commit tion nnd Porwnrdinf Merc ham te, Nos. 45 Water, and di Front streets, Pittsburgh, Pa. ntFKRENCU- Mercbanta generally, Pittsburgh. W. R. Thompson i Co.; p,l(lll,u,M. E. & D. Grata, "'"Wphta. Erskina & Elchelherger, ) n.i.i. Talbot, Jones & Co. Daliimore. N. B. King and Holmes owning no Interest In any lloat, or Una of Boats, will always embraco the earliest opportunity to forward goods, regarding only the safety and cheapness of freighL February 7.. 4m OHIO REPORTS. The subscriber having purchased of the publishers the entire balance of the edition, Is now enabled t 0 (ttrulsh complete seta of Hammond's Reports, In 6 vols. 8vo. ALSO, Odd volumes of the Jst and 2d volumes. Part I, of volume 2. Volume 4 complete, or Hie 2d Part separate. Part II. of volume 5, or volume 5 complete Part I. ol volume 3. He irould bo very glad to purchase the 2d Part of volume 3, of any one who may have odd copies. Persons wishing to com plete their sets would do well to embrace the present opportu.il ty, as there are very few of the odd volumes remaining, and none other ean be bad. February 21 Ifl.)AC N. WHITING. mo TUB MTIIWRIHERS TO TIIR TRANSYLVANIA ,.J JOURNAL OF MKDfCINE.&c. we would any, that all , who are ib arrears ir the 7th, qui and 9th volumes, in rirgi i,Ua CrHs , Floridn, jffesims, and the Statu norln nd west oi me unio m Mislslpnl rivers, unless pay ment be mule before lh 1st Of July, wW tm considered as declining to beany longnr deemed patron tll0 pullMcntlon. The accounts ror sue 11 arrearages win ccumHiHJ ., rorthcom. ln 1st No. of volume X; and a prompi rata n, by mat. . mhw wUa.oribe amount thev call for, Is most respediully roque. j of the subscribers. We have Incurred large additional expense I to Increase the value of the work; depending on the justk 1 of th members ol the lieemt nnd ie-rnei profeteion, whoae Inter sis It m lis design to promoia. We trust, therefore, this mil for the needjnl will not be disregarded. .... J. CLARKE It CO. Laxtngton, Ky., March 301B3T- I open a School for Young Ladies on Wednesday, the 26tli Instant, In Hie room recently occupied by Miss Johnston, over Hid Hioro of Mtsrs. J. Ai S.Stone, lusiructlon will be given in the common and higher branches of Euglitli eilucnlion, togetlier with the French Innguugo; also, Drawing. Painting, nnd Needle-work, Itoth plain and ormimctiiul. 1 ultioii from 94 to 9 10 per term. REFERENCES. Rev. T. H. Crcssy, Mr. Samuel Crosby, D. Woodltiiry, " Jesse Htone, " J. B. Wheaton. Columhus, April 21.. tf UTICK Cidpon W. Hull, Admr., rt. Willow nd llcli of 'IMionia. I. Y. Hnrt Fr.tiklin Common Ploai, Mnrch Term. 10.17 I'ctition to kII rfal entnlo. Hy vlrtno of .n order of the Court of Common lteni of tl county of Frnnklln, and Hlate of Olilo, t tho Mnrcli l.rm, 1K;17. I ihall olf.r for inle, nt tho door of the Court House. In Colum hue, to the hiifhe.l hldiler, on the Z2U dan f May njc, hclwoeu the hour. of 9 o'clock, A. M nnd 4 o'clock, r. M., the follow- In, ricwrilwd roe) eitute ofTliomni I. Y. Hnrt,deccaMd,to w hi lot No. 72J, In Cotuuihm, npiiralKd at $4fH), auhjnct to tlm widow' dower; flfty acre, oil tho west ihln of the north-enit quaner of aecllon 16, town.liln W, raniie ZJ.U. 8. Military, apprnbed at 915 per acre. Alio, ility acrea In Die louth enat nunrler of the aanie tcclion, townahlp, nnd rnnae, appraised at 7 50 eta, per acre. UIUKON w. HAKT, Admr. T. I. Y. Hart, dee'd. Btamuko ft RiLaaaT, Counael for Petitioner. April 21. AMU milR LEXINGTON KlltB, I.IKK, AND MAUINK INHU X auranceCompany Capital $.100,000 tU7,.MI0 paid lit The euhacrlhcr, aijent of the almve Compnny, will etrcct Inmi' rancea airnluat Iom or damnse hy Fire, and take Mnrlne risks, upon as favornhle term, aa can be obtained in tho Hiale. Tlio above Company, In all their operations, are determined to pu alio a fair and liberal course of policy. Application to be mndo by letter, (post pnld,) or In person at the eubscrlber'a olHce, No. 1, Eicbanie Bulldlna, uroail sireei.uoiumnua. April 21 . WRAY THOMAR COACH AND FANCY C'ARRIAUB MANUFACTORY. R. A B. CoTtaa, respectfully Inform the public, that they continue to carry on the above hualnfM, In all tta various branch es, at their old atnnd In Columbus, north of the Public Buildings; where UAROUCIIK8, Cll AHIOTF.KH, UltlB AND SUI.KIKH, of every deMrlpllon, can i had at the altorteat notice, and reasonable terms. All kinds orCARatAQici mnao to order, and olu repaired and painted in the iionleatstylOi A suppl) Riiintie Hprli.js, and Aile tree Anna turned, and Uojes lilted for litMCnninces, ronatanilvnn biid(and foranle. N. II. A neat Knslern built HA UOUCIIK, for one or two horwa. wllll a double Harneu, partly worn, hut not easentlally injured, mny bo had at a hurnln. luqulro ai altovt. Coluuibw, April tl., Cm point; and that as to works of pence, and works of im provement, tnoy are Deyond our constitutional umus. I have ever thought otherwise. Congress has a right. no doubt, to declare war (fnd to raise armies and navies; and it has necessarily the right to build fortifica tions ana baltencB, to protect the coast Irom tne cuects of war. But Congress hns authority, also, and it is its duty, to regulate commerce, and it hos the whole power of collecting duties on imports and tonnage. It must have pons, harbors, and dock yards, also, for its navies. Very early, in the history of the Government, it was decided by Congress, on the report of a highly respectable committeo, that the transfer by the States to Congressof the power of collecting tonnage and othor duties, and the grant of the authority to regulate commerce, charged Congress, necessarily, with the duty of maintaining such piers and wharves and light houses, and of making such improvements, as might have been expected to be done by the States, if they had retained the usual means, by retaining the power of collecting duties on imports. The Slates, it was admitted, had parted with this power; and the duty of facilitating and protecting commerce by thoBe means, had passed, along with this power, into other hands. I hnve never hesitated, therefore, when the slate of the Treasury would admit, to vote for reasonable appropriations, for breakwaters, linlit houses, piers, harbors end similar improvements on tho whole Atlnntic coast, or the Gulf ot Mexico, trom Mnuie ol bomsinna. But how stnnds the inland frontier? Ilniris it along ihe vnst Lakes, and the mighty rivers of the North ana West? Do our constitutional rights and duties tornli-mate, when tho waters conse to be salt? or do they exist, in full vigor, on the shores of these Inland seas? I never could doubt about this; and yet, gentlemen, I romcmher evon to have participated in a warm debate, in the Senate, some years ago, upon the constitutional right of Congress to make an appropriation for a Pior in the harbor of UurTulo. What! make a harborat Buffalo, where nature never made any, nnd where therefore it was never intended any ever should be made? Take monoy from the people, to run out piers from the sandy shores of Lake Erie, or deepen the channels of her shallow nvorf Whore was tho constitutional authority for this? Where would such strides of power slop? How long would the States hove nnypoworat all left if their territory might he ruthlessly invaded for such unhallowed purposes, or how long would the pcO' pie have any money in their pockets, if the Govern' ment of the United Stales might tax them at plcnsurc, uulitics which slriko men's minds strongly, thoro is forsuchextrnvagantprojectsnslh.'Se ? Piers, wharves, danger of derangement of the powers of government, danger ot a new division ot those powers, in which the Executive is likely to obtain the lion's part; and danger of a state of things in which the more popular branches of tho Government, instead of becoming guards and sentinels, ngninst any encroachments from he executive, seek, rather, support Irom its pntronage, mfoty against the complaints of the Puople in its am ple and all protecting lnvor, and refugo in its power; and so I feel, and so I have full, for eight long and anxious years. x ou uciiove thnt a very elticicnt and powortui cause, n tho production of the evils, which now fall on the iiuusirioiis nuu coinmeruiui ciusscb oi tne comniuimy, s the derangemont of the currencv, the destruction of exchnnges, und the unnatural and unnecessary mil- placement of the specie of the country, by unauthorized ua illegal Treasury orders. Bo uo 1 uelievo. 1 pro- icted all tins Irom tho beginning, and Irom before the beginning. I predicted it all lam spring, when that was attempted to be dono by law, which was after wards done by mecutivo authority; and Irom the mo ment of the exercise of that Kxecutivo authority, to he present tunc, 1 have both lorcsecn, and seen, the regular progress of things under it, from inconvenience nud embarrassment, to pressure, loss of confidence, disorder, and bankruptcies. Gentlemen, 1 mean, on this occasion, to spook mv sentiments freely, on the great topics of the day. I hnve nothing to conceal, and shall theretoro conceal nothing. In regard to political sentiments, purposes, or objocts, there is nothing in my heart, which I am aihamcd of; I shall throw it all open, therefore, to you, and to nil men. Thnt is right said some one in the crowd lot us have it with no non-committal. Yes, my friend (continued Mr. W.) without non-committnl or evasion, without barren genernliticsor empty phrase, without II, or bui, without a single touch, in all 1 say, harbors and bronkwaters in the Lnkcs! These argu mcnts, gentlemen, however earnestly put forth, hereto fore, do not strike us with great power, at the present day, if we stand on the shores ol Lako Erie, and sec hundreds of vessels, with valuable cargoes, and thou sands ol valuable lives, moving on lis waters, with lew shelters from tho storm, but huvens created, or mndo usclul, by the aid ot Government. 1 hese grcut Lakes, stretching sway many thousands of miles, not in a straight line, but with turns and dcfluxions, as if designed to reach, by water communication, the greatest possible number ot important points, through a region of vast extent, cannot but arrest the attention of any one who looks upon the map. They lie connected, hut variously plnccd; and intersporsed, ns if with studied variety ol torin and direction, over that part ot the country. They wore mado for man, and admirably adapted for his use and convenience. Looking, gentlemen, over our whole country, com prehending in our survey tho Atlnntic coaBt, with its thick population, advanced agriculture, its extended commerce, its manufactures, and mechanic arts, its varieties ot communication, its wealth, nnd its general improvements; and looking, then, to tho interior, to tho immenso tracts of fresh, fortile, nnd cheap iands, bounded by so many lakes, and watered by so mnnv magnificent riVcrs, let mo ask if such a map was ever holoro presented to the eve of onv statesman, ns the theater lor Ihe exercise ol his wisdom? bcuring tho oracular character ol on I naugural, I shall, on this occasion, speak my mind plainly, freely, and independently, to men who are just ns freo to concur, or nut to concur, in my sentiments, as I am to utter them. 1 thniK you are entitled to near my opinions freely and frankly spoken; but I freelv acknowledge that vou are still inure clearly entitled to retain, nnd maintain, your own opinions, however they may diil'er or agree with mine. It is true, gentlemen, that 1 have contemplated tne relinquishment ot my seat in the nennte, lor the residue of the term, now two years, lor which I was chosen. 1 nis resolution was not tuKcn irom uisirusr, or uiscour- ngemcni, although somo thingihtivc certainly happened which might excite both those Icclings. lint in popu lar governments, mon must not suffer themselves to be poriunncntly disgusted, by occasional oxhibitioiiB of poliiical linrlcquinisiii, or deeply discouraged, al though their clloris to awaken the people to wnat tney deem the dangerous tendency of public measures, be not crowned with immediate success. It was altoge ther from other causes, aiidnther considerations, that after an uninterrupted service of fourteen or fifteen years, I naturally deaired a respite. Hut those, whoso opinions 1 am bound to respect, saw objections to a pre sent withdrawal Irom Congress; and 1 havo yielded my own strong desire, to their convictions of what the public good requires. Gentlemen, in speaking hero on tho subjects which now so much interest the community, I wish, in the outset, to disclaim all personal disrespect to individuals. Ho whoso character and fortune have exercised such a dccisivo inlliicnce on our pulitics for eight years, has now retired Irom puuucstutiun. 1 pursue mm with no personal reflections, no reproaches. Between him and mvsell, there has always existed a respcetlul personal lltereourse. iuomctiis nave existed, inuecu, criucni. ind dccisivo upon the general Sticccss of his Adminis tration, in which ho has been pleased to regard my aid as not altogether unimportant. I now speak of him, rcspcctlully, as a disiinguishcd soldier, as ona who, in i hut character, has done Ihe biato much service; as a man too, of strung and decided chnractcr, of unsub dued resolution und perseverance, in whatever he undertakes. In speaking of his civil administration, I speak without censoriousness, or hnrsh imputation of motives; 1 wish nun health and happiness in his retirement; but I must still speak ns 1 think, of his public measures, and of their general bearing and tendency, not only on tho present interests of the country, but nlso on the well being and security of the government itself. There arc, however, some topics of a less urgent present application nnd importance, upon which 1 wish to say a few words, before 1 advert to those which are more immediately connected with tho present distressed state of tilings. My learned and highly valued friend, (Mr. Ogden,) who has addressed me in your behalf, has been kindly pleased to speak of my political career, as being marked hv a freedom from local interests and prejudices. and a devotion to liboral and comprehensive viows of public policy. 1 will nut say that this compliment is undeserved I will only say, thai i nnvo earnestly ondeavored to deserve it. Gentlemen, this Government, to tho extent of its power, is national. It is not consolidated, it docs not embrace nil ths powers of Government. On Ihe contrary, it is delegated, restrained, strictly limited. But what powers it does possess, it possesses for tho general, not for any partial or local good. It oxtonds over a vast territory, embracing now six and twenty States, with interests various, but not irreconcilable, infinitely diversified, but cnpabluof being blended into political harmony. He, however, who would produce this harmony must survey tho whole field, as if all parts ware as interesting to himself as Ihey are lo others, and with that generous and patriotic feeling, prompter and bettor than Ihe mere dictnlea of cool reason, which leads him lo embrace tho whole, with alfectionnie regard, as constituting altogether, that object which ha is so much bound to respect, to defend, and to love, his country. We have round us, and more or less within tho influence and protection of the General Government, all the groat interests of ngriculturo, navigation, com merce, manufactures, the fisheries, and tho mechanic arts. Tho duties of tho Govornment, thon, certainly extend all over this tcrritory,and embrnco all these vnst interests. We hnve a maritime frontior, a sea const of many thousnnd miles; and while no one doubts thai it is tho duty of government to defend this const, bv suitable military urcpnralions. there ore thoso who vel supposa that the poweri of Govorninent atop at this And let me ask, too, if any man is fit to act a part on such a then- for, who docs not comprehend tho whole of it, within the scope ol his policy, and embrace it all as hiscountry? Again, gentlomcn we are ono in respect to the glo rious Constitution uudor which we live. Wo are all united in the great brotherhood of American liborty. Descending from the same ancestors, bred in the same school, taught, in infancy, to imbibe the snme political senumciiis, iinericnns nu, uy Dirtn, euucntion, nntl principle, what but a narrow mind, or woful ignor- ncc, or besotted selfishness, or preiutlice, ten times blinded, can lead any of us to regard tho citizens of unv pnrt of the country as strangers nnd aliens? i he solemn triiih, moreover, is betore us, thnt a common political fate attends us nil. Cndor the present Constitution, wisely and conscien tiously administered, nil nro sale, happv, and renowned. The measure uf our country's fauio mav till all our breasts. It is fume enough lor us all to partake in Aer glory if we will carry her character onward In its truo destiny. Hut il the system is broken, its trng- mcnts must fnll oliko on all. Not only the cause of Aiuorican liberty, but the grand cause ol liberty, throughout the whole earth, depends, in agrent metis- cure, on upholding tho Constitution nnd Union of these btutes. II shattered and destroyed, nomnttcrhy what cause, the peculiar and cherished iden of United American liborty will bo no more forever. Thoro mny be free Stales, it is possible, when thcro shall be separate states, there may be many loose, nnd Iconic, and hostile confederacies, where there is ono gront and united Confederacy, But the noble idea of United American libertv, of our liberty, such ns our fathers established it, will bo extinguished forcvor, Fragments nnd severed columns ol the eilihco mny be tound re maining; nud melancholy nnd mournful ruins will tlicy he; the nugust templo llscll will be prostrate in tho dust. Gcniiemon, Ihe citizens of this Republic cannot sovoi their lortuncs. A common Into nwmts us. In the honor of upholding, or in the disgrace o undermining, the Constitution, we shell nil necessari ly partnko. Lot us then stand by llio Constitution as it is, nnd by our country as it is, one, united, and en tire: let it be a truth engraven on our hearts, let it be borne on the flag under which we rally in every exigency, that we havo one Country, one Constitution, ONE IJtsTI.NV Gentlemen, of our interior administration, (he Pub lic I. anils constitute a highly important part. This is a subject ol great interest, and it ought lo attract much more attention thnn it hns hitherto received, especially from Ihe people of tho Atlantic States. Tho Public Lands nre public property. 1 hey belong to the people of nil the Slates. A vnst portion of Ilium is composed of Territories, which wero ceded by individual States to the United Mates, niter the close ol the Involution- ary or, and beloru tho adoption ot tho present Constitution. Tho history of these cessions, and tho rea son for making them, aro familiar. Some of the Old 1 hirtcen possessed large tracts ol unsettled lands with in their chnrtorcd limns. Tho Revolution had estab lished their title to theso lands, and as tho Revolution hnd been brought about by Ihe common Irensuro and the common blood of all tho Colonies, it was thought nut unreasonable that Iheso unsettled lands should be transferred lo the United States, to pay tho debt ere tiled by the wnr, nnd nfterwurds to remain ns n fund for Ilia iisuol all the states. Ihis is the well known ori gin of the title possessed by the United States to the lands north-west ol tho river tlluo, By tho treaties with franco and Spain, Louisiana and Honda, with many millions ot aerosol public tin sold lund, havo beon since acquired. The cost of these acquisitions was paid, ol course, by tho Gonural Gov ernment, and was thus a churge upon tho wholo People. The public lands, therefore, nil and singular, aro nntional properly; granted to the united states, pur chased by the United States, paid for by all tho pooplo ol tho United Stales. The idea, that when a new State is created, the pub lic lands lying within her territory become the property of such nuw Stato, in consequence of hor sover eignty, is too preposterous lor uonous rolutation. Much notions have fiorotofore beon advnncod in Congress, but nobody has sustained them. They were rejected and abandoned, nlthotigh one cunnot sny whothor they iiiuy iiui ou revivcu, in cuusequaiiea oi mo recent pro- wiaitinna wl.inl, ItnwA knnn mnila in tl Runiln TL. new States are admitted on express conditions, recog nizing, to the fullest extent, the right of tho United Stales to tho public lands within thuir borders: and l is no more reasonable to contend thnt some indefinite idea of Stato sovereignly over-rides lhaso stipulations, nnd makes the lands the property of tho Stntes, against tho conditions nnd provisions ol theirown Constiiu'ion and tho Constitution of tho United Stntes, than it would be that a similar doctrino entitled the Stnte of New York to the moneys colloolcd at tho Custom House in this oily : since il is no more inconsistent and duties within such territory. Whntover extrnva-gnnt pretensions mny hnve been set up heretofore, there wns not, I suppose, an enlightened: man in the whole West, who insisted on any such right in the States, when the proposition to cede the lands to the Slntcs was mndo, in the late session of Congress. The public lands being, thorefore, the common property of all the people, of all the Stntes, I shall never consent to give them away to particular States, or to dispose of them otherwise than lor the general good, and tho general use of the wholo country. I felt bound, therefore, on the occasion just alluded to, to resist ,at the threshold, a proposition to cede the public lands to the Slates in which they lie, on certain conditions. I very much regretted tho introduction of bucIi a mea sure, as its effects must be, I fear, only to agitnte what was wen seitiea, ana to disturb thnt course ol proceeding in regard to the public lands, which forty years of experience have shown to be so wise, and so satisfactory in its operation, both to tho people of the old States and to those of the now. But, gentlemen, although the public lands are not to be given away, or ceded to particular States, a very libornl policy in regard to them ought undoubtedly to prevail. Such a policy has prevailed, and I have steadily supported it, and shall continue to support it so long as I may remain in public life. The main object, in regard to these lands, is, undoubtedly, to settle them, so fast as the growth of our population, nnd its augmentation by emigration, may enable us to settle them. The lands, therefore, should be sold at n low price: and, for one, 1 have never doubted ths right or expediency of granting portions of the lands themselves, or of making grants of money, for objects of internal im- provemcnta connected with tnom. I havo always supported liberal appropriations, for the purpose of opening communications to and through these lands, by common roads, canals, and railroads: and whero lands of little value have been long in mar ket, and, on account ot their lndillorcnt quality, nro not likely to command tho common prico, 1 know no objection to n reduction of price, ns to such Innds, so thut thoy moy pass into private ownership. Nor do I feel any objections to reinovo those restraints which provent the Stntes from taxing the Innds for tivo years alter thoy nro sold. But, while in these nnd nil oilier respects, I am not only reconciled to a liboral policy, but espouse it and support it, nnd have constantly done so, 1 hold, still, the national domain to bo tho general property of the country, confided to tho caro of Con gress, and which Congress is solemnly bound to pro tect nnd prcservo, lor Ihe common good. The benefit derived from the public lands, after all, is and must bo, in the grentest degree, enjoved by those who buy them, and sutllo upon them. The original price paid to Government constitutes but a small part uf their actunl value. Their immcdiuto riso in value, in the hnndsut tho Bottler, gives hnn competence. JI exercises a power of selection, over a vust rogion of fertile territory, all on sale at the same price, and that nrico an exceedingly low one. Selection ifl no Booncr made, cultivation is no sooner begun, and tho tirst lurrow turned, than he already finds himself a man of property. Theso nro tho advan tages of western emigrants, nnd western settlers; nnd they nre such, certainly, ns no country on enrth ever before afforded to her citizens. This opportunity of purchaso and settlement, this certainty of enhanced value, these sure means of immediate competence and ultimate wealth, all these nre tho rights, and the blessings of tho people of the West, and they havo my nearly wisiicb lor incir inn anu pericci enjoyment. 1 desire lo see tho ptibhc Innds cultivated and occupied. I desire the growth nnd prosperity of the Went, und the fullest development of us vust and extraordinary resources. I wish to bring it nonr to us, by every sno- cicB of useful communication. I see, not without ad miration nnd amazement, but yet without envy or jealousy, States of recent origin, already containing more people than Massachusetts. These people I know to bo pnrt of ourselves: they havo proceeded from the midst of us, and we may trust thai they are not likely to sepnrato tlicniBclvcs, in interest or in feeling, from their kindred, whom they hnve let! on the funus and around the hearths of their common lathers. A liberal policy, a sympathy with its interests, an enlightened nud generous feeling of participation in its prosporily, aro duo to the West, ond will bo met, I doubt not,liy a return ol sentiments equally cordial and equally patriotic. ' Cenileiuen, Clio general question ol rovenuo is very much connected with this suliiect of the public Innds. and I will tnerclore in a very lew words, express my opinions on uini point. Tho revenue involves, not only tho sunnly nf the Treasury wilh money, but the question nf protection to manufactures. On theso connected subjects there fore, geutemen, ns I have promised to keep nothing back, 1 will state my opinions plainly, but very shortly. I nm in favor of such n revenue as shall bo equal to all the just nud reasonable wants of the Government; uud I am decidedly opposed to all collection, or accumulation ol rovenuo, beyond this point. An extravagant government expenditure and unnecessary accu mulation in Iho irensury, are both, ol all things else, to bo most studiously avoided. 1 am in lavor ol protecting American industry anil labor, not only ns employed in Inrgo manufactories, but also, and more especially; ns employed in the various mechanic arts, carried on by persona noting on small cnpilnls, nnd living by Ihe earnings of their own per sonal inuustry, every city in ine union, nnd none more than this, would feel severely tho conscaucucos of deporting from the nncient and continued policy of the Government, respecting this Inst branch of protec tion, it dunes weru lo do abolished on Hats, boots, shoes, and other articles of leather, and on tho articles fabricated of brass, tin and iron, and on rendy made clothes, carriages, furniture, and many similar articles, thousands ol persons would be immediately thrown out of employment in ibis city, and in other pnrls of mo union. I roioction in this rcspocl, ol our own la bor, against the cheaper, ill pnid, hnll led, and pnupor labor of Europe, is, in my opinion, a duty which the country owos to us own citizens. 1 am, therelore, decidedly, for protecting our own industry, and our own labor. In tho next p'ace, gentlemen, I am of opinion that with no moro llinn usual skill, in tho application of the well tried principles of discriminating and specific du ties, all tho branches nf National Industry mny be protected without imposing such duties on imports asslinll overcharge the Treasury. And ns to the revenues arising from the sales of the public lands, I am of opinion thnt thoy ought to ho set apart for tho use of the States. Tho Sintes need the money. The Government of the United Stntes does not nerd it. Many ol the Stales havo contracted large debts, for objects of internal improvement; and others of thorn havo important objects, which thev wouid wish to accomplish. The lands were nriginully granted fur the usool iho several .States; nnd now thai their proceeds aro not necessary for iho purposes of tho General Government, I nm of opinion that thoy should go to the Slates, and to the pooplo of tho States, upon an euunl principle. Set npart, then, the proceeds of the public lands for the uso of the Stntes; supply tho Treasury from duties on imports; apply lo theso duties n just and careful discrimination, in lavor of articles produced at home by our own labor, and thus support, to a fair extent, our own manufactures. These, gentlemen, ap-peur to me tube the general outlines of that policy which ihe proscnt condition of our country requires us to nuopt. Gomlomon, proposing to express opinions on tho principal auhjecta of interest, nt tho present moment, it is impossible to overlook the delicate question which ing up, nnd rising into happiness, distinction, and power, upon our own principles of liberty and govornment, But it cannot be disguised, gentlcmun, Mint a desire, or an intention, is already nuimlcBtcd to annex Icxaa to the United Stutcs. On a subject of such mighty magnitude as this, and nt a moment when the public attention is drawn to it, I should fool myself wanting in candor, if 1 did not express my opinion; since nil must suppose thnt, on such n question, it ia impossible I should be without some opinion. I sny, then, gentlemen, in nil frankness, that I see objections, I think in surmountuble objections, to tho annexation ot Texas to tho United States. When the Constitution was formed, it is not probable that silhor its framcrs, or tho people, ever looked to the admission of any States into the Union, except such ns thon ul ready existed, and such ns sliould he formed out of territories then ulready belonging to tho United Stntos. Fifteen years after tho adoption of the Constitution, however, tho cuse of Louisiana arose. Louisiana wns obtained by trenty with France, who hnd recently obtained it from Spuin; but the object of this acquisition, certainly, was not mere extension of territory. Other great political interests were connected with it. Spain, while eho possessed Louisiana, had held the mouths of the great rivers which rise in the Western States, and flow into tho Gulf of Mexico. She bad disputed our use of these rivers, already, and with a powerful nation in possession if these outlets to the sea, it is uuviuua iiiui ine commerce oi ail me vr est was in dunger of perpetual vexntion. The command of these rivors to the sen, was, therefore, the great object aim ed at in the acnuisiiion of Louisiana. But that acaui- sition necessarily brought territory along with it, and uiiuu oiuies now exist lormeu our, oi mat nncienirru-vince. A similar policy, and a similar necessity, though per haps not entirely bo urgent, led to the acquisition of fioriua. Now, no Buch necessity, no such policy, requires the annexation of Texas. The accession or Texas to eur territory is not necessary to tho full and Complete en joyment of all which wo already possess. Her case, increioro, stands entirely dillerent trom that oi Louisiana and Florida. Thero being no necessity for ex tending the limits of the Union, in that directions wo ought, I think, for numerous ond powerful reasons, no content wttti our present boundaries. Gentlemen, we all sec, that bv whomsoever possess ed, Texas is likely lo be a slavehuldiiig country; and I iraiiKiy avow my enure unwillingness lo do nny thing wiiicn snuii cxtenu the slnvery ol the African raco on this continent, or ndd other slaveholding Slates to the Union. When I sny that I rcgnrd slavery in itself as a gront moral, sociuf, and political evil, I only use lan guage which has been ndoptcd by distinguished men themselves citizens of Bluvehulding Stntes. 1 shall do nothing, therefore, to favor or eiicourngs its further extension. We have slavery ulready amongst us. The Constitution found it nniung us; it recognized it, and gave it s ilotnn guaranties. To tho full extent of those guaranties wo are all bound in honor, in justice, and by the Constitution. All the simulations contained in the Constitution, in favor of tho slnvcholding Slates which are already in the Union, ought to be fulfilled, nntl, so lar ns depends on me, shall be lullillcd In tlio fullness of their spirit, and to the exactnessof their loiter. Slavery, ns it exists in the Slates, is beyond Ihe rench of Congress. It is a concernof lite Stutcs them selves; they have never Bubmitlcd it to Congress, nnd Cdngreas has uo rightful power over it. I shall concur, therefore in no ncl, no measure, no menace, no indica tion ol purpose, which slum intorlere, or thrcnlcn tn interfere, with tho cxclusivo authority of the several stntea over Ihe the subicct oi slavery, as it exists with in their respective limits. All ihisnppcars to me to be matter of ulnin and tiniierative dutv. llut when wo come lo speak ot admitting new states, Ihe subject assumes an entirely d liferent aspect. Our rights and our duties are then both dillerent. The free Stales, nnd all the Stales, are then nt liber ty to accept, or lo reject. When ills proposed to bring new meuiberj, into this political partnership, the old members havo a right to say on what terms Buch no partners nro to conic in, nnd what they nro to bring along with them. In my opinion tho peoplo of tlio United States will not consent to bring a new, vastly extensive, and sluvo-holding country, largo enough for half a dozen or a dozen Slates, into the Uti'on. in my opinion thev ought not to consent to it. Indeed, I nin altogether nt a loss lo conceive what possiblo benefit any pnrt of this conntry enn oxpect to dorivu from such annexation. All benclu, to any part, is nt lenst doubt ful nnd uncertain; tho objections obvious, plain, and strong. On the general question of' Slavery, a great portiun ol iho commuuilv is nlroadv strongly exciter!. The subject has not only attracted attention ns a question of politics, but it has struck a fnr deeper toned cord. It has nrrcstcd the religious tooling nt the coun try; it has taken strong hold on ihe consciences of men. J lo is a rash man, indeed, and little conversant with humnn nature, nnd especially has ho a very er roneous estimate of ihe character of the people rf lliia has arisen, from events which have happened in the Into Mexican Province of Texas. The independence of that Province hns now been recognized hy the Government of the United Slntcs. Tho Congress gavo the President Ihe menus, to be used whon ho saw lit, of opening a diplomatic inrurconrso with us Govornment, and the late PresiduiU immediately made ubo of thoso means. I saw no objection, under the circumstances, to voting an appropriation to be used when Iho President should think the proper time had come; ond ho deemed, certainly very promptly, that the time hnd nlrcndy arrived. Certainly, gentlemen, the history of Texns in not a li 1 1 lo wonderful. A very few people, in a very short time, hnvo established n Govorninent for themselves, against tho authority of tho parent Stnte; and which Gnvarnmcnt, it is generally supposed, thero is lit I lo pmbnbility nt tho present moment of tlio paront State being nble to overturn. This Government in, in form, n copy of our own. It is an American Constitution, substantially niter the great Atnencnn model. vo nil, tnerclore, must wish wilh Bovoroigniy that ono Government should hold I it success! nnd there in no ono who will moro lieariilv lands for the purpose of sole, wiilnn the territory of I rejoieo thnn I nhnll,to seo nn independent community, another, than il is thai it should lay and tolled taxes iiMcllignt,industrious,aod friendly towards apring- countrv, who supposes thnt n feeling of this kind is to he trilled with, or despised. It will assuredly eauso itself lo bo respected. It may ho reasoned wilh, it mny he mndo willing, I believo it is entirely willing, to fulfill all existing engagements, nnd nil existing du ties, to uphold and delend tlio Constitution, ns it in es tablished, wilh whatever regrets, ahoix some provisions, which it does nctunlly conittin. But lo coerce it into silence to endenvor to restrain Us free expression seek to compress nnd contino it, warm ns it is; moro heated as such endeavors would inuvimlily remk-r it, should nil this be nilempted, I know nothing, even in the Constitution, or in the Union itself, which would not be endangered by the explosion which mightlol-low. I see, therefore, no pnliticnl necessity for the annex ation ot Texas lo tho Union; no advantages tn bo de rived from it ; and objections to it, ol a strong, and, in my judgment, decisive character. I believe it to be for tho interest and happiness of the whole Union, to remain as it is, without .diminution and wiihoutnddition. Gentlemen, I pass to other subjects. The rapid advancement ol tho Kxecutivo authority is a topic which lias nlrcndy been nlludod to. I believe there is serious cnuso of dnngcr, from Ihis source I bcliovo the power of the Executive hat increased, is increasing, nnd ought now lo bo broughi back within its nncient constitutional limits. 1 havo nothing In do with Iho motives, which have led tn those acts, which I believo to have transcended the boundaries of the Constitution. Good motives may always bo assumed, as had moiivo may always be imputed. Good intentions will alwnya bo pleaded, for every assumption of power; but they cannot justify il, even if wo were euro that they existed. It islinrcllv too strong to sny, thnt tho Constitution was mado to gtmrd the pooplo ngninst the dangers of good intention, real or pretended. When bad intentions are boldly avowed, the people will promptly tnke euro of themselves. On the other hand, thoy will alwuya bo asked, why they should resist, or question, thnt exercise of power, which is so fnir in its object, so plnusiblo and pniriolic in np-penrunee, nnd which hns Ihe public good alono confessedly in view! Human beings, wo may bo assured, will genornlly cxerciso power, when they can got ill and thoy will exerciso il most undoubtedly, in popular Governments, under preietiees of public sntett, or high public interest. It may bo very possible, that good intentions do really sometimes rxisi, when Cousiilutionnl restraints nro disregarded. Thero nro men, in all ages, who menn to cxerciso power usefully; bit who mean to exerciso it. They menn to govern well; but Ihey mean to govern. They promise lo be kind mnslcrs; but Ihey mean to bo masters. They think there need bo but litilo restraint upon thcmsolvon. Their notion of the public inturest, is apt to be quite eloacly connected with their own exercise of authority. They may not indeed always understand their own motives. Tho love of powor may sink too deep in their henrls, even lor their own scrutiny, nnd may pass wilh themselves, for mere patriotism and bcnovolonee. A character has boon drawn of n vory eminent ciil-zen of Massachusetts, of the Inst age, which, though I lliiuk it does not entirely belong to him, vet very well describes a certnin class of public men. It was said of this distinguished son of Massachusetts, thnt ill matters uf politics nnd government, ho cherished tho most kind nnd benevoleiii feelings townrds tho w holo Earth, llo enrnestly desired lo see nil nations well govorncdi, nud lo bring about this happy result, he wished that the United States might govern the riot of the world; that Massachusetts might govern tho United Sintes; that Boston might govern Massachusetts; and as for himself, his own humble ambition would bo satisfied, by governing the little town of Boston. I do not intend, gentlemen, to commit so unreasonable a trespass nn vour patience, ns to discus, nil thoso rases, in which I think Executive power has been un-' reasonably extended. 1 ahull only ullude lo solus of I 1